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華為BGP選路規(guī)則詳解
在華為設(shè)備上，BGP選路規(guī)則是有十一條規(guī)則，那么這么多選路規(guī)則中是怎么使用的，以下以實(shí)驗(yàn)方式對(duì)十一條選路規(guī)則一一分析做講解。
華為BGP十一條選路規(guī)則
1、優(yōu)選協(xié)議首選值（pref val） 最高的值
2、優(yōu)選本地優(yōu)先級(jí)（local_pref）最高的路由
3、依次優(yōu)選手動(dòng)聚合路由，自動(dòng)聚合路由，network命令引入的路由，import-route命令引入的路由，從對(duì)等體學(xué)到的路由
4、優(yōu)選AS_PATH最短的路由
5、依次優(yōu)選origin類型為IGP，EGP,incomplete的路由
6、對(duì)于來(lái)自同一AS的路由，優(yōu)選MED值最低的路由。
7、依次優(yōu)選EBGP路由、IBGP路由、local cross路由、remote cross路由。
8、優(yōu)選BGP下一跳IGP度量值metric最小的路由
9、優(yōu)選cluster_list最短的路由
10、優(yōu)選router ID最小的設(shè)備發(fā)布的路由（如果路由攜帶originator_ID屬性，選路過(guò)程中將比較originator_ID的大小，不再比較router ID，并優(yōu)選originator_ID最小的路由）
11、優(yōu)選從具有最小IP address的對(duì)等體學(xué)來(lái)的路由。
實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)鋱D：
從以上拓?fù)淇梢钥吹剑兴呐_(tái)路由器。AR1，AR2，AR3，AR4，其中R1,R2,R3屬于AS 123，R4屬于AS 4。
在R4上發(fā)布一條路由，4.4.4.4到BGP中，在R1上可以學(xué)到兩條4.4.4.4的BGP路由
從上面可以看到學(xué)到的兩條BGP路由，下一跳分別是R2和R3，根據(jù)BGP路由選路規(guī)則中的第十條，優(yōu)選router-id最小的設(shè)備發(fā)布的路由，優(yōu)選了R2。
選路規(guī)則第一條：
preferred-value
preferred-value主要控制怎么離開本設(shè)備，Preferred-value是BGP協(xié)議的私有屬性，該命令只對(duì)BGP路由生效。Preferred-value是BGP選路規(guī)則中的weight值，不是RFC規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)屬性，所以該命令僅在本地生效，在BGP的出口策略中不生效。
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>
使用preferred-value修改R1前往R4時(shí)優(yōu)選R3（控制流量怎么離開本設(shè)備）
配置命令:
#?配置路由策略 route-policy?p_v?permit?node?10? ?apply?preferred-value?1 # #?BGP視圖下引用策略，該命令可以理解收到R3發(fā)過(guò)來(lái)的路由，調(diào)用路由策略p_v，在策略里面修改preferred-value為1? bgp?123 ??peer?3.3.3.3?route-policy?p_v?import #?使用命令查看BGP路由，發(fā)現(xiàn)4.4.4.4路由的下一跳變?yōu)镽3了，prefval值等于1.說(shuō)明修改成功，也對(duì)路由有了影響。 [R1-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?1.1.1.1? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????1??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i
驗(yàn)證查看：
選路規(guī)則第二條：
本地優(yōu)先級(jí)表明路由器BGP路由本地優(yōu)先級(jí)，用于判斷怎么離開本AS的最佳路由，默認(rèn)值是100，越大越優(yōu)。
local-preference 屬性只能在IBGP鄰居之間傳遞，對(duì)于IBGP鄰居可以配在出方向或者入方向都可以，對(duì)于EBGP鄰居只能用在入方向上。
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?
通過(guò)修改local-preference屬性控制AS 123訪問(wèn)AS 4都優(yōu)先走R3出去。
配置命令：
#?第一種方法，通過(guò)修改從EBGP收到的路由中的local-preference屬性實(shí)現(xiàn)，其中的原理是從EBGP鄰居學(xué)習(xí)到的路由會(huì)通告給IBGP鄰居，在收到這個(gè)路由器上對(duì)該路由進(jìn)行修改local-preference屬性，那么通告給IBGP鄰居的路由屬性則是修改屬性后的路由。 #?在R3配置路由策略 route-policy?l_p?permit?node?10? ?apply?local-preference?101? # #?在R3的BGP下調(diào)用策略， bgp?123 ??peer?10.1.34.4?route-policy?l_p?import # #?查看R1路由表，可以看到優(yōu)選了R3去往R4，其中l(wèi)ocprf是101display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?1.1.1.1? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????101????????0??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i #?查看R2路由表 display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?2.2.2.2? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?1 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>???4.4.4.4/32?????????10.1.24.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4i #?從R2路由表中看到，R2只有一條路由，這是因?yàn)镮BGP鄰居從IBGP鄰居學(xué)到的路由不會(huì)在通告給IBGP鄰居，可以理解為R3把R4的路由通告給R1后，然后R1收到后，并不會(huì)把該路由通告給R2，而R2通告給R1的路由也如此，所以在R2上和R3上都只存在一條R4的路由。 #?可以通過(guò)把R1配置為路由反射器，使R2也可以學(xué)到R3通告的路由。 bgp?123 ??peer?2.2.2.2?reflect-client ??peer?3.3.3.3?reflect-client # #?配置完路由反射后再次查看R2的路由表 display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?2.2.2.2? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????101????????0??????4i ?*???????????????????????10.1.24.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4i #?可以看到存在兩條路由，并且去往4.4.4.4的下一跳是R3，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)通過(guò)local-preference實(shí)現(xiàn)控制AS123去往AS4的選路。 #?第二種方式，在IBGP鄰居配置local-preference對(duì)AS的路由控制，實(shí)現(xiàn)原理通過(guò)在R3上修改R3向IBGP鄰居發(fā)送的路由屬性從而實(shí)現(xiàn)，在IBGP鄰居的出方向調(diào)用路由策略。 #?在R3的BGP下調(diào)用路由策略 bgp?123 ??peer?1.1.1.1?route-policy?l_p?export #?配置完成后查看R1的BGP路由表和R2的BGP路由表 display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?1.1.1.1? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?1 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????101????????0??????4i display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?2.2.2.2? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????101????????0??????4i ?*???????????????????????10.1.24.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4i #?結(jié)果是跟第一種方式一樣的 #?第三種方式，在IBGP鄰居的入方向調(diào)用路由策略，需要在R1接收R3路由的入方向調(diào)用策略，實(shí)現(xiàn)原理是R1在收到R3路由的時(shí)候，對(duì)收到的路由修改local-perference值進(jìn)行影響路喲選路。 #?在R1上配置路由策略 route-policy?l_p?permit?node?10? ?apply?local-preference?101? #?在R1的BGP下調(diào)用路由策略 bgp?123 ??peer?3.3.3.3?route-policy?l_p?import #?查看路由表 display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?1.1.1.1? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?1 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????101????????0??????4i display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?2.2.2.2? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????101????????0??????4i ?*???????????????????????10.1.24.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4i #?得到結(jié)論跟前二者一樣
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選路規(guī)則第三條
依次優(yōu)選手動(dòng)聚合路由，自動(dòng)聚合路由，network命令引入的路由，import-route命令引入的路由，從對(duì)等體學(xué)到的路由，這個(gè)可以理解為自身路由器有多種方式產(chǎn)生一條路由，那么對(duì)自己而言那一條路由才會(huì)被自己優(yōu)選呢。
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>
以下以R3和R4來(lái)做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，R4通告給R3一條4.4.4.0/24的路由，R3自己import-route方式，network方式，手動(dòng)聚合方式產(chǎn)生一條4.4.4.0/24的路由，進(jìn)行觀察R3會(huì)選擇那一條路由。
配置命令：
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#?首先看到R3上學(xué)到了R4發(fā)送的一條4.4.4.0/24的路由 [R3]display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?3.3.3.3? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?1 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>???4.4.4.0/24?????????10.1.34.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4? [R3] #?R3?通過(guò)import-route方式產(chǎn)生一條4.4.4.0/24的路由 ip?route-static?4.4.4.0?255.255.255.0?NULL0 #?BGP引入路由 bgp?123 ??import-route?static # [R3-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?3.3.3.3? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>???4.4.4.0/24?????????0.0.0.0?????????0?????????????????????0??????? ?*???????????????????????10.1.34.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4? [R3-bgp] #?查看R3路由表可以看到優(yōu)選了import-route的路由 #?然后R3在通過(guò)network產(chǎn)生一條4.4.4.0/24的路由，在BGP下宣告4.4.4.0/24的路由 bgp?123 ??network?4.4.4.0?255.255.255.0? #?查看R3的路由表 [R3]display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?3.3.3.3? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?3 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>???4.4.4.0/24?????????0.0.0.0?????????0?????????????????????0??????i ?*???????????????????????0.0.0.0?????????0?????????????????????0??????? ?*???????????????????????10.1.34.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4? [R3] #?可以看到優(yōu)選了network產(chǎn)生的路由 #?然后R3在通過(guò)手動(dòng)聚合產(chǎn)生一條4.4.4.0/24的路由 bgp?123 ??aggregate?4.4.4.0?255.255.255.0? #? #?查看R3上的路由表 [R3-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?3.3.3.3? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?5 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>???4.4.4.0/24?????????127.0.0.1?????????????????????????????0??????i ?*???????????????????????0.0.0.0?????????0?????????????????????0??????i ?*???????????????????????0.0.0.0?????????0?????????????????????0??????? ?*???????????????????????10.1.34.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4? ?*>???4.4.4.4/32?????????10.1.34.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4i [R3-bgp] #?根據(jù)以上路由表可以看到優(yōu)選了手動(dòng)聚合的路由，下一跳為127.0.0.1的這條為手動(dòng)聚合的路由。
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選路規(guī)則第四條
優(yōu)選AS_PATH最短的路由，該規(guī)則比較容易理解，從字面意思上來(lái)看，就是攜帶的as_path最短的路由最優(yōu)。從原理上來(lái)講，可以理解為as_path越多，就是所跨越的AS域越多，路就越遠(yuǎn)就沒(méi)那么優(yōu)。
AS_Path屬性是BGP的私有屬性，記錄了某條路由從本地到目的地址所要經(jīng)過(guò)的所有AS編號(hào)，通過(guò)應(yīng)用AS_Path屬性可以控制路由選擇及防止路由環(huán)路。當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)同一目的地存在多條路由時(shí)，BGP會(huì)比較路由的AS_Path屬性，AS_Path列表較短的路由將被認(rèn)為是最佳路由。
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>
通過(guò)在R2和R3上修改AS_PATH長(zhǎng)度，來(lái)影響R1的選路。
配置命令：
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#?在修改as_path長(zhǎng)度前進(jìn)行查看R1的BGP路由表display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?1.1.1.1? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?4 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.0/24?????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4? ?*?i?????????????????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4? ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i #?在R2配置as-path長(zhǎng)度，首先使用路由策略定義好要增加的AS-PATH長(zhǎng)度 route-policy?as?permit?node?10? ?apply?as-path?100?200?300?additive #?然后在BGP接受EBGP路由時(shí)調(diào)用該策略 bgp?123 peer?10.1.24.4?route-policy?as?import #? #?配置完成后查看R1的路由表 display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?1.1.1.1? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.0/24?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4? ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i #?R1優(yōu)選了R3出去，然后查看R2自身的BGP路由表 [R2-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?2.2.2.2? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?4 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.0/24?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4? ?*???????????????????????10.1.24.4???????0?????????????????????0??????100?200?30 0?4? ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*???????????????????????10.1.24.4???????0?????????????????????0??????100?200?30 0?4i [R2-bgp] #可以看到R2自身修改了后，也優(yōu)先選擇R3做為下一跳了
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選路規(guī)則第五條
依次優(yōu)選origin類型為IGP，EGP,incomplete的路由。
origin標(biāo)識(shí)BGP路由的來(lái)源，記錄了一條路由怎么成為BGP路由的，network產(chǎn)生的BGP路由標(biāo)識(shí)為IGP，import-route 產(chǎn)生的BGP路由標(biāo)識(shí)為incomplete在路由表中顯示為?號(hào)的路由。EGP為運(yùn)行EGP協(xié)議產(chǎn)生的路由，BGP和EBGP不是同一個(gè)東西，在目前網(wǎng)絡(luò)中基本見不到EGP的存在了。
該選路規(guī)則可以理解為network進(jìn)BGP的路由優(yōu)于引入進(jìn)BGP的路由。
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>
R1上存在著R2通告的路由和R3通告的路由，通過(guò)router-id優(yōu)選了R2通告的路由，實(shí)現(xiàn)通過(guò)修改起源屬性影響R1的選路。
配置命令：
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#?先查看R1的BGP路由表display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.12.1? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i #?可以看到目前學(xué)到的兩條路由起源屬性都是IGP的，通過(guò)在R2上修改起源屬性為EGP的，進(jìn)而影響選路，并且證實(shí)I>E #?配置R2路由策略 route-policy?ogn?permit?node?10? ?apply?origin?egp?10 #?BGP下調(diào)用策略，因?yàn)閛rigin屬性是公認(rèn)必遵屬性，所有路由器都可以識(shí)別的屬性，所以可以通過(guò)如方向調(diào)用，也可以通過(guò)出方向調(diào)用。 bgp?123 ??peer?10.1.24.4?route-policy?ogn?import #?配置完成查看R2的路由表，檢查結(jié)果 [R2-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.12.2? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*???????????????????????10.1.24.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4e [R2-bgp] #?從路由表可以看到R2優(yōu)選了從R3學(xué)到的IGP路由，而沒(méi)有優(yōu)選自己的EGP路由 #?在R3上修改origin屬性為incomplete，證實(shí)E>? route-policy?origin?permit?node?10? ?apply?origin?incomplete #?在R3的BGP下調(diào)用策略，在R1鄰居上調(diào)用策略，使用出方向的方法，這樣不會(huì)修改自身路由器所學(xué)到路由，只會(huì)對(duì)通告給R1的路由有影響。 #?查看R3的BGP路由表 [R3-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.13.3? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>???4.4.4.4/32?????????10.1.34.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4e [R3-bgp] #?從上述路由表可以看到自己通過(guò)R4學(xué)到的路由是IGP的，優(yōu)于EGP所以優(yōu)選了從R4學(xué)到的路由，然后在看R1上的路由表 display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.12.1? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4e ?*?i?????????????????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4? #?從上述路由表可以看到R1上從R2學(xué)到的優(yōu)選了，而沒(méi)有優(yōu)選從R3學(xué)到的，是因?yàn)镽3學(xué)到的路由是incomplete。從而證實(shí)了I>E>?
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選路規(guī)則第六條
對(duì)于來(lái)自同一AS的路由，優(yōu)選MED值最低的路由。
該條選路規(guī)則跟第二條選路規(guī)則剛好是相反的，local-preference是控制流量怎么出本AS的，而MED是控制流量怎么回本AS的。
MED的傳遞范圍，只能在兩個(gè)AS之間攜帶，不能在到第三個(gè)AS。比如AS 10 通告給AS 20攜帶了MED，在AS 20是會(huì)攜帶MED屬性的，而當(dāng)AS20通告給AS 30時(shí)，就不會(huì)在攜帶MED屬性。
MED傳遞規(guī)則：
從EBGP鄰居學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)的路由，傳遞給自己IBGP鄰居的時(shí)候MED可以傳遞
從EBGP鄰居學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)的路由，傳遞給自己的EBGP鄰居的時(shí)候，MED不攜帶
從IBGP鄰居學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)的路由，傳遞給自己EBGP鄰居的時(shí)候，MED不攜帶
MED功能：
將通告的BGP路由的本AS內(nèi)的IGP開銷通過(guò)MED值攜帶出去，讓對(duì)端的AS知道我本地這條路由IGP的開銷
default med:
可以在BGP下直接配置default med，但是該命令只對(duì)引入的路由和聚合路由生效，而且只會(huì)傳遞給自己的EBGP鄰居，不會(huì)傳遞給自己的IBGP鄰居。
限制：
默認(rèn)情況下路由器只有收到來(lái)源于同一個(gè)AS鄰居的BGP路由才會(huì)比較MED值，如果這條路由分別來(lái)自于不同的AS是不會(huì)比較MED值的。如果需要比較來(lái)自不同AS的MED值，需要配置命令compare-different-as-med
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?/p>
在R2訪問(wèn)R1的開銷為50，R3訪問(wèn)R1的開銷為10，在R4訪問(wèn)R1的時(shí)候優(yōu)選走到R3去訪問(wèn)。
配置命令：
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#?先看一下R4訪問(wèn)R1的默認(rèn)選舉display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.24.4? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?3 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>???4.4.4.4/32?????????0.0.0.0?????????0?????????????????????0??????i ?*>???10.10.10.10/32?????10.1.24.2?????????????????????????????0??????123i ?*???????????????????????10.1.34.3?????????????????????????????0??????123i #?從路由表可以看出，R4訪問(wèn)R1是通過(guò)router-id比較出優(yōu)先走R2的，然后通過(guò)在R2和R3上配置使得R4通過(guò)MED優(yōu)選R3 #?配置R2的路由策略，并且修改IGP的開銷 route-policy?med?permit?node?10? ?apply?cost-type?internal? # interface?GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ?isis?cost?50 #BGP下調(diào)用策略 bgp?123 ??peer?10.1.24.4?route-policy?med?export # #?R3配置路由策略，并且調(diào)用策略 route-policy?med?permit?node?10? ?apply?cost-type?internal? # bgp?123 ??peer?10.1.34.4?route-policy?med?export #配置完成，在R4上再次查看前往R1的選路 display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.24.4? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?3 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>???4.4.4.4/32?????????0.0.0.0?????????0?????????????????????0??????i ?*>???10.10.10.10/32?????10.1.34.3?????????????????????????????0??????123i ?*???????????????????????10.1.24.2???????50????????????????????0??????123i #?根據(jù)路由表可以看到，R4選擇了R3做為優(yōu)選下一跳設(shè)備，使用該方法在沒(méi)有對(duì)AS4進(jìn)行配置時(shí)，從而影響了AS4的選路。
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選路規(guī)則第七條
依次優(yōu)選EBGP路由、IBGP路由、local cross路由、remote cross路由。
該選路規(guī)則的理解為，從EBGP鄰居對(duì)等體學(xué)到的路由優(yōu)于從IBGP鄰居對(duì)等體學(xué)到的路由。
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>
在R3上存在著兩條4.4.4.4/32的路由，分別是從R4學(xué)到的和R1反射的路由。R4學(xué)到的路由為EBGP類型，R1反射的路由為IBGP路由，通過(guò)觀察路由表看對(duì)比情況
配置命令：
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#?查看R3的BGP路由表 [R3-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.13.3? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?3 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>???4.4.4.4/32?????????10.1.34.4???????0?????????????????????0??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*>i??10.10.10.10/32?????1.1.1.1?????????0??????????100????????0??????i [R3-bgp] #?可以看到優(yōu)選了下一跳為R4的路由表，然后看詳細(xì)信息，查看下一跳為R2的路由為什么沒(méi)被優(yōu)選 [R3-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table?4.4.4.4 ?BGP?local?router?ID?:?10.1.13.3 ?Local?AS?number?:?123 ?Paths:???2?available,?1?best,?1?select ?BGP?routing?table?entry?information?of?4.4.4.4/32: ?From:?10.1.34.4?(10.1.24.4) ?Route?Duration:?04h43m10s?? ?Direct?Out-interface:?GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ?Original?nexthop:?10.1.34.4 ?Qos?information?:?0x0 ?AS-path?4,?origin?igp,?MED?0,?pref-val?0,?valid,?external,?best,?select,?active ,?pre?255 ?Advertised?to?such?1?peers: ????1.1.1.1 ?BGP?routing?table?entry?information?of?4.4.4.4/32: ?From:?1.1.1.1?(10.1.12.1) ?Route?Duration:?03h21m11s?? ?Relay?IP?Nexthop:?10.1.13.1 ?Relay?IP?Out-Interface:?GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ?Original?nexthop:?2.2.2.2 ?Qos?information?:?0x0 ?AS-path?4,?origin?igp,?MED?0,?localpref?100,?pref-val?0,?valid,?internal,?pre?2 55,?IGP?cost?20,?not?preferred?for?peer?type ?Originator:??10.1.12.2 ?Cluster?list:?10.1.12.1 ?Not?advertised?to?any?peer?yet ?#?通過(guò)以上回顯可以看到?jīng)]被優(yōu)選的原因是??not?preferred?for?peer?type?不是對(duì)等體類型首選，可以理解為對(duì)等體類型就是EBGP和IBGP
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選路規(guī)則第八條
優(yōu)選BGP下一跳IGP度量值metric最小的路由
可以理解為BGP下一跳IGP的開銷值小的優(yōu)選，比如有兩條路由，不同的下一跳，其中preferred-value都為0，local-prefreence都為100，都是通過(guò)對(duì)等體學(xué)到的，AS_PATH長(zhǎng)度一致，起源屬性都是IGP，MED值都為空，都是通過(guò)IBGP鄰居學(xué)到的，前七項(xiàng)都無(wú)法比較出這條路由的優(yōu)選，然后就會(huì)比較第八項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上述的描述，有不同的下一跳，那么就會(huì)存在著到達(dá)這個(gè)下一跳的路由，而下一跳路由是通過(guò)IGP學(xué)到的，就存在著IGP的開銷，比如R1到R2的開銷是20，R1到R3的開銷是10，那么就會(huì)優(yōu)選R3。
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>
R1訪問(wèn)R4優(yōu)選了R2，通過(guò)修改IGP的開銷值影響R1訪問(wèn)R4優(yōu)選R3
配置命令：
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#?查看R1路由表，在沒(méi)有做修改前優(yōu)先選擇的R2下一跳display?bgp??routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.12.1? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?3 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*>???10.10.10.10/32?????0.0.0.0?????????0?????????????????????0??????i #?在R1上修改R1跟R2的互聯(lián)的接口，修改ISIS開銷值為20，增加開銷 interface?GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ?isis?cost?20 #?查看R1的路由表 [R1]display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.12.1? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?3 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*>???10.10.10.10/32?????0.0.0.0?????????0?????????????????????0??????i [R1] #?優(yōu)選了R3做為下一跳設(shè)備
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負(fù)載分擔(dān)
在BGP選路規(guī)則中，當(dāng)前八條都無(wú)法選擇出最優(yōu)路由的時(shí)候，就可以開啟BGP的負(fù)載分擔(dān)。
需要注意事項(xiàng)：
默認(rèn)在前八條中的第四條AS_PATH在該場(chǎng)景中需要一樣，當(dāng)PA_PATH長(zhǎng)度是一樣，但是屬于不同AS是無(wú)法進(jìn)行負(fù)載分擔(dān)的。當(dāng)在這個(gè)場(chǎng)景下，需要實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)載分擔(dān)可以通過(guò)命令忽略AS_PATH檢查，可以在BGP下配置load-balancing as-path-ignore命令忽略AS_PATH檢查。
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>
默認(rèn)BGP是不開啟負(fù)載分擔(dān)的，需要手動(dòng)去開啟BGP的負(fù)載分擔(dān)。通過(guò)在R1上配置負(fù)載分擔(dān)，實(shí)現(xiàn)R1訪問(wèn)R4的負(fù)載分擔(dān)。
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#?先查看沒(méi)有修改配置的R1到R4的路由表 [R1-bgp]display?ip?routing-table?4.4.4.4? Route?Flags:?R?-?relay,?D?-?download?to?fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing?Table?:?Public Summary?Count?:?1 Destination/Mask????Proto???Pre??Cost??????Flags?NextHop?????????Interface ????????4.4.4.4/32??IBGP????255??0??????????RD???2.2.2.2?????????GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R1-bgp] #?通過(guò)路由表看到只有一條路由 #?可以通過(guò)在R1的BGP下配置命令開啟負(fù)載分擔(dān) bgp?123 ??maximum?load-balancing?8 #?再次查看R1的IP路由表 [R1-bgp]display?ip?routing-table?4.4.4.4 Route?Flags:?R?-?relay,?D?-?download?to?fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing?Table?:?Public Summary?Count?:?2 Destination/Mask????Proto???Pre??Cost??????Flags?NextHop?????????Interface ????????4.4.4.4/32??IBGP????255??0??????????RD???2.2.2.2?????????GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ????????????????????IBGP????255??0??????????RD???3.3.3.3?????????GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R1-bgp] #?從上面路由表可以看到去往R4有了兩個(gè)下一跳了,這是在IP路由表中的表現(xiàn)，其原理就是BGP路由表在加載到IP路由表的時(shí)候，如果前面八條都沒(méi)有比較出來(lái)后，配置maximum?load-balancing命令后，就會(huì)把沒(méi)比較出來(lái)的也加載到IP路由表中去，但是在BGP路由表中還是一樣的會(huì)比較出一個(gè)最優(yōu)。查看BGP路由表時(shí)，可以看到依然只有一條是最優(yōu)的。 [R1-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.12.1? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?3 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*>???10.10.10.10/32?????0.0.0.0?????????0?????????????????????0??????i [R1-bgp] #?通過(guò)第十條選路原則比較出的最優(yōu)，而不會(huì)把兩條路由都標(biāo)識(shí)為最優(yōu)路由
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選路規(guī)則第九條
優(yōu)選cluster_list最短的路由，該選路原則的意思跟字面意思是一樣的，在RR場(chǎng)景存在著一個(gè)屬性cluster_list屬性，這是一個(gè)列表類型，跟AS_PATH很像，每經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)RR就會(huì)增加一條cluster_list記錄
要模擬實(shí)現(xiàn)第九條選路場(chǎng)景需要對(duì)原有拓?fù)溥M(jìn)行一個(gè)修改，改成分級(jí)RR的場(chǎng)景
[外鏈圖片轉(zhuǎn)存失敗,源站可能有防盜鏈機(jī)制,建議將圖片保存下來(lái)直接上傳(img-QCkF1Od7-1681473046862)(華為BGP選路規(guī)則詳解.assets/image-20230413164802056.png)]
以上拓?fù)銻3做為ASBR收到R4的路由，通告給R5，R5做為頂級(jí)RR，R1和R2都做為R5的客戶端，R1也做為RR對(duì)R2進(jìn)行反射路由。
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>
通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象驗(yàn)證第九條選路規(guī)則
配置命令：
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#?根據(jù)以上描述進(jìn)行配置R5 bgp?123 ?peer?1.1.1.1?as-number?123? ?peer?1.1.1.1?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?peer?2.2.2.2?as-number?123? ?peer?2.2.2.2?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?peer?3.3.3.3?as-number?123? ?peer?3.3.3.3?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?# ?ipv4-family?unicast ??undo?synchronization ??peer?1.1.1.1?enable ??peer?1.1.1.1?reflect-client ??peer?2.2.2.2?enable ??peer?2.2.2.2?reflect-client ??peer?3.3.3.3?enable # #R1配置 bgp?123 ?peer?2.2.2.2?as-number?123? ?peer?2.2.2.2?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?peer?5.5.5.5?as-number?123? ?peer?5.5.5.5?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?# ?ipv4-family?unicast ??undo?synchronization ??peer?2.2.2.2?enable ??peer?2.2.2.2?reflect-client ??peer?5.5.5.5?enable # #?完成配置查看R2的路由表display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.12.2? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?4 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*>i??10.10.10.10/32?????1.1.1.1?????????0??????????100????????0??????i ?*?i?????????????????????1.1.1.1?????????0??????????100????????0??????i #?通過(guò)上面可以看到有兩條下一跳為3.3.3.3的路由，但是看起來(lái)都一模一樣，看不出來(lái)區(qū)別，需要看詳細(xì)信息。使用命令查看詳細(xì)信息 display?bgp?routing-table?4.4.4.4? ?BGP?local?router?ID?:?10.1.12.2 ?Local?AS?number?:?123 ?Paths:???2?available,?1?best,?1?select ?BGP?routing?table?entry?information?of?4.4.4.4/32: ?From:?5.5.5.5?(5.5.5.5) ?Route?Duration:?00h08m35s?? ?Relay?IP?Nexthop:?10.1.25.5 ?Relay?IP?Out-Interface:?GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ?Original?nexthop:?3.3.3.3 ?Qos?information?:?0x0 ?AS-path?4,?origin?igp,?MED?0,?localpref?100,?pref-val?0,?valid,?internal,?best, ?select,?active,?pre?255,?IGP?cost?20 ?Originator:??10.1.13.3 ?Cluster?list:?5.5.5.5 ?Not?advertised?to?any?peer?yet ?BGP?routing?table?entry?information?of?4.4.4.4/32: ?From:?1.1.1.1?(10.1.12.1) ?Route?Duration:?00h11m07s?? ?Relay?IP?Nexthop:?10.1.25.5 ?Relay?IP?Out-Interface:?GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ?Original?nexthop:?3.3.3.3 ?Qos?information?:?0x0 ?AS-path?4,?origin?igp,?MED?0,?localpref?100,?pref-val?0,?valid,?internal,?pre?2 55,?IGP?cost?20,?not?preferred?for?Cluster?List ?Originator:??10.1.13.3 ?Cluster?list:?10.1.12.1,?5.5.5.5 ?Not?advertised?to?any?peer?yet #?根據(jù)以上命令回顯可以看到，在下方的回顯中?Cluster?list:?不一樣，而沒(méi)有優(yōu)選的原因?yàn)閚ot?preferred?for?Cluster?List。
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選路規(guī)則第十條
優(yōu)選router ID最小的設(shè)備發(fā)布的路由（如果路由攜帶originator_ID屬性，選路過(guò)程中將比較originator_ID的大小，不再比較router ID，并優(yōu)選originator_ID最小的路由）
要實(shí)現(xiàn)第十條選路原則，有兩種概念，一種是比較router id之前一直都是通過(guò)該方式的，還有一種是在經(jīng)過(guò)了RR后，存在著originator_ID屬性就不會(huì)在比較router-id，以下以一個(gè)更改后的拓?fù)鋪?lái)體現(xiàn)出originator_ID的比較。
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>
通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)表現(xiàn)出originator_ID選舉的現(xiàn)象
配置命令：
#?配置R1跟R6建立BGP鄰居，配置R5跟R6建立BGP鄰居，并且配置為反射客戶端 #?R6配置 bgp?123 ?peer?1.1.1.1?as-number?123? ?peer?1.1.1.1?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?peer?5.5.5.5?as-number?123? ?peer?5.5.5.5?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?# ?ipv4-family?unicast ??undo?synchronization ??peer?1.1.1.1?enable ??peer?5.5.5.5?enable # #?在R6上查看路由表 [R6-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table? ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?6.6.6.6? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????2.2.2.2?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i [R6-bgp] #?可以看到優(yōu)選了R2的，查看詳細(xì)信息 [R6-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table?4.4.4.4 ?BGP?local?router?ID?:?6.6.6.6 ?Local?AS?number?:?123 ?Paths:???2?available,?1?best,?1?select ?BGP?routing?table?entry?information?of?4.4.4.4/32: ?From:?1.1.1.1?(10.1.12.1) ?Route?Duration:?00h14m51s?? ?Relay?IP?Nexthop:?10.1.16.1 ?Relay?IP?Out-Interface:?GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ?Original?nexthop:?2.2.2.2 ?Qos?information?:?0x0 ?AS-path?4,?origin?igp,?MED?0,?localpref?100,?pref-val?0,?valid,?internal,?best, ?select,?active,?pre?255,?IGP?cost?20 ?Originator:??10.1.12.2 ?Cluster?list:?10.1.12.1 ?Not?advertised?to?any?peer?yet ?BGP?routing?table?entry?information?of?4.4.4.4/32: ?From:?5.5.5.5?(5.5.5.5) ?Route?Duration:?00h05m56s?? ?Relay?IP?Nexthop:?10.1.56.5 ?Relay?IP?Out-Interface:?GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ?Original?nexthop:?3.3.3.3 ?Qos?information?:?0x0 ?AS-path?4,?origin?igp,?MED?0,?localpref?100,?pref-val?0,?valid,?internal,?pre?2 55,?IGP?cost?20,?not?preferred?for?router?ID ?Originator:??10.1.13.3 ?Cluster?list:?5.5.5.5 ?Not?advertised?to?any?peer?yet [R6-bgp] #?查看詳細(xì)信息可以看到，兩條路由都攜帶了Originator屬性，但是都不一樣，從而比較了Originator屬性的大小。在存在Originator屬性的情況下，是不會(huì)比較router-id的。
選路規(guī)則第十一條
優(yōu)選從具有最小IP address的對(duì)等體學(xué)來(lái)的路由。
選路規(guī)則的最后一條是比較對(duì)等體的地址的，那么什么時(shí)候會(huì)用到第十一條比較呢？
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>
配置實(shí)驗(yàn)，使得通過(guò)最后一條選路規(guī)則比較出最優(yōu)。需要對(duì)拓?fù)溆幸粋€(gè)改變
R3學(xué)到R4的路由，R5跟R1做為RR反射給R2，此時(shí)在R2的路由表中就會(huì)存在著兩條R4的路由。
配置命令：
#?配置R3，跟R1和R5建立鄰居 bgp?123 ?peer?1.1.1.1?as-number?123? ?peer?1.1.1.1?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?peer?5.5.5.5?as-number?123? ?peer?5.5.5.5?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?peer?10.1.34.4?as-number?4? ?# ?ipv4-family?unicast ??undo?synchronization ??peer?1.1.1.1?enable ??peer?1.1.1.1?next-hop-local? ??peer?5.5.5.5?enable ??peer?5.5.5.5?next-hop-local? ??peer?10.1.34.4?enable #?配置R5跟R2和R3建立鄰居，并且配置路由反射 bgp?123 ?peer?2.2.2.2?as-number?123? ?peer?2.2.2.2?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?peer?3.3.3.3?as-number?123? ?peer?3.3.3.3?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?# ?ipv4-family?unicast ??undo?synchronization ??peer?2.2.2.2?enable ??peer?2.2.2.2?reflect-client ??peer?3.3.3.3?enable ??peer?3.3.3.3?reflect-client #?配置R1，跟R5一樣 bgp?123 ?peer?2.2.2.2?as-number?123? ?peer?2.2.2.2?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?peer?3.3.3.3?as-number?123? ?peer?3.3.3.3?connect-interface?LoopBack0 ?# ?ipv4-family?unicast ??undo?synchronization ??peer?2.2.2.2?enable ??peer?2.2.2.2?reflect-client ??peer?3.3.3.3?enable ??peer?3.3.3.3?reflect-client #?查看R2的路由表 [R2-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table ?BGP?Local?router?ID?is?10.1.12.2? ?Status?codes:?*?-?valid,?>?-?best,?d?-?damped, ???????????????h?-?history,??i?-?internal,?s?-?suppressed,?S?-?Stale ???????????????Origin?:?i?-?IGP,?e?-?EGP,???-?incomplete ?Total?Number?of?Routes:?2 ??????Network????????????NextHop????????MED????????LocPrf????PrefVal?Path/Ogn ?*>i??4.4.4.4/32?????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i ?*?i?????????????????????3.3.3.3?????????0??????????100????????0??????4i [R2-bgp] #?可以看到存在著兩條R4的路由，然后通過(guò)查看詳細(xì)信息，看是什么原因下面那條沒(méi)被優(yōu)選的 [R2-bgp]display?bgp?routing-table?4.4.4.4 ?BGP?local?router?ID?:?10.1.12.2 ?Local?AS?number?:?123 ?Paths:???2?available,?1?best,?1?select ?BGP?routing?table?entry?information?of?4.4.4.4/32: ?From:?1.1.1.1?(10.1.12.1) ?Route?Duration:?00h01m11s?? ?Relay?IP?Nexthop:?10.1.12.1 ?Relay?IP?Out-Interface:?GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ?Original?nexthop:?3.3.3.3 ?Qos?information?:?0x0 ?AS-path?4,?origin?igp,?MED?0,?localpref?100,?pref-val?0,?valid,?internal,?best, ?select,?active,?pre?255,?IGP?cost?20 ?Originator:??10.1.13.3 ?Cluster?list:?10.1.12.1 ?Not?advertised?to?any?peer?yet ?BGP?routing?table?entry?information?of?4.4.4.4/32: ?From:?5.5.5.5?(5.5.5.5) ?Route?Duration:?00h08m18s?? ?Relay?IP?Nexthop:?10.1.12.1 ?Relay?IP?Out-Interface:?GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ?Original?nexthop:?3.3.3.3 ?Qos?information?:?0x0 ?AS-path?4,?origin?igp,?MED?0,?localpref?100,?pref-val?0,?valid,?internal,?pre?2 55,?IGP?cost?20,?not?preferred?for?peer?address ?Originator:??10.1.13.3 ?Cluster?list:?5.5.5.5 ?Not?advertised?to?any?peer?yet [R2-bgp]
查看詳細(xì)信息可以看到，是因?yàn)閚ot preferred for peer address才沒(méi)有被優(yōu)選的，然后通過(guò)上面的信息可以看到在攜帶了Originator: 屬性的情況下，是沒(méi)有比較router-id的，而此時(shí)是要比較Originator，但是都一樣比較不出來(lái)，所以才比較到了具有最小IP address的對(duì)等體學(xué)來(lái)的路由。
審核編輯：黃飛
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