兩相雙極性步進電機的工作原理及仿真

有幸能從報廢的機器的光驅(qū)中拆除幾個電機，大概是像下方圖片中那樣的。 但是這個電機只有四根外接的引腳，之前對不僅電機不是很懂，這兩天通過查閱資料，了解到這個電機被稱為兩相雙極性步進電機。

　　在此大概敘述下兩相雙極性電機的工作原理。 如下圖所示，步進電機只有兩相（即兩組定子），雙極性代表兩個定子纏繞的線圈可以兩個方向通電。

　　簡單用圖片表示下90度兩相雙極性步進電機轉(zhuǎn)一圈的過程。 1表示相1正向通電，1~表示相1方向通電。

　　上面只是簡單敘述了下兩相雙極性步進電機的工作原理，下面進入正題，使用proteus進行仿真Arduino來控制電機。

　　仿真：使用L298(U3)驅(qū)動四線兩相雙極性步進電機。

　　代碼：MotorTwo為兩相雙極性電機驅(qū)動。

/* Main.ino file generated by New Project wizard
 *
 * Created:   Thu Sep 5 2013
 * Processor: ATmega328P
 * Compiler:  Arduino AVR
 */

 #define LED ( 13 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN0 ( 0 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN1 ( 1 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN2 ( 2 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN3 ( 3 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN4 ( 4 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN5 ( 5 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN6 ( 6 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN7 ( 7 )
 #define MOTOR_ENA ( 8 )
 #define MOTOR_ENB ( 9 )
 
void setup()
 { // put your setup code here, to run once:
   pinMode( LED, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN0, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN1, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN2, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN3, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN4, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN5, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN6, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN7, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_ENA, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_ENB, OUTPUT );
 }

 void MotorOne()
 {
   static int i = 3;
   
   switch( i-- )
   {
      case 0:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN0, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN1, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN2, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN3, LOW );
     break;
      case 1:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN0, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN1, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN2, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN3, LOW );
     break;
      case 2:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN0, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN1, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN2, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN3, LOW );
     break;
      case 3:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN0, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN1, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN2, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN3, HIGH );
     break;
      default:
     break;
   }
   
   if( 0 > i )
      i = 3;
 }
 
 void LedLight()
 {
   static int i = 0;
   if( 0 == i++ )
      digitalWrite( LED, HIGH );
   else
      digitalWrite( LED, LOW );
      
   if( 2 <= i )
      i = 0;
 }
 
 void MotorTwo()
 {
   static int i = 0;
   
   switch( i++ )
   {
      case 0:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN4, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN5, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN6, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN7, LOW );
     break;
      case 1:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN4, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN5, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN6, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN7, LOW );
     break;
      case 2:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN4, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN5, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN6, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN7, LOW );
     break;
      case 3:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN4, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN5, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN6, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN7, HIGH );
     break;
      default:
     break;
   }
   
   if( 4 <= i )
      i = 0;
 }
 
void loop()
 { // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
 
   MotorOne();
   LedLight();
   MotorTwo();
   
   delay(500);
   
 }