Linux下如何使用中斷的方式來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)按鍵

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Linux下的按鍵輸入驅(qū)動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā)模板一文中介紹了基本的按鍵輸入捕獲流程，這里將進(jìn)一步介紹如何使用中斷的方式來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)按鍵，同時(shí)通過(guò)定時(shí)器實(shí)現(xiàn)按鍵消抖功能，應(yīng)用程序讀取按鍵值并通過(guò)終端打印出來(lái) 下面根據(jù)Linux內(nèi)核中斷框架一文中介紹的內(nèi)核中斷使用模板，來(lái)進(jìn)行代碼的編寫(xiě)

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1. 修改設(shè)備樹(shù)文件

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在Linux按鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)的設(shè)備樹(shù)key節(jié)點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)上，添加中斷相關(guān)屬性

key?{
?#address-cells?=?<1>;
?#size-cells?=?<1>;
?compatible?=?"andyxi-key";
?pinctrl-names?=?"default";
?pinctrl-0?=?<&pinctrl_key>;
?key-gpio?=?<&gpio1?18?GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;?
?interrupt-parent?=?<&gpio1>;????????????//設(shè)置gpio1為中斷控制器
?interrupts?=?<18?IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH>;???//GPIO1組的18號(hào)IO，上升和下降沿觸發(fā)
?status?=?"okay";
};

設(shè)備樹(shù)編寫(xiě)完成后使用make dtbs命令重新編譯設(shè)備樹(shù)，使用新的設(shè)備樹(shù)文件啟動(dòng) linux 系統(tǒng)

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2. 編寫(xiě)驅(qū)動(dòng)程序

? 設(shè)備樹(shù)準(zhǔn)備好后就可以編寫(xiě)驅(qū)動(dòng)程序了，新建imx6uirq.c文件，編寫(xiě)程序

?定義按鍵設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)體，以及中斷IO的描述結(jié)構(gòu)體

#define?IMX6UIRQ_CNT?? 1???????????//設(shè)備號(hào)個(gè)數(shù)
#define?IMX6UIRQ_NAME??"imx6uirq"??//名字
#define?KEY0VALUE??????0X01????????//KEY0按鍵值
#define?INVAKEY??????? 0XFF??????  //無(wú)效的按鍵值
#define?KEY_NUM??????? 1???????????//按鍵數(shù)量
/*?中斷IO描述結(jié)構(gòu)體?*/
struct?irq_keydesc?{
?int?gpio;?????????????????????????????//gpio
?int?irqnum;???????????????????????????//中斷號(hào)
?unsigned?char?value;??????????????????//按鍵對(duì)應(yīng)的鍵值
?char?name[10];????????????????????????//名字
?irqreturn_t?(*handler)(int,?void?*);??//中斷服務(wù)函數(shù)
};
/*?imx6uirq設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)體?*/
struct?imx6uirq_dev{
?dev_t?devid;????????????????????//設(shè)備號(hào)
?struct?cdev?cdev;???????????????//cdev
?struct?class?*class;??????????? //類
?struct?device?*device;???????   //設(shè)備
?int?major;??????????????????????//主設(shè)備號(hào)
?int?minor;??????????????????????//次設(shè)備號(hào)
?struct?device_node?*nd;??????   //設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)
?atomic_t?keyvalue;????????????  //有效的按鍵鍵值
?atomic_t?releasekey;??????????? //標(biāo)記是否完成一次完成的按鍵
?struct?timer_list?timer;??????  //定義一個(gè)定時(shí)器
?struct?irq_keydesc?irqkeydesc[KEY_NUM];?//按鍵描述數(shù)組
?unsigned?char?curkeynum;??????  //當(dāng)前的按鍵號(hào)
};

struct?imx6uirq_dev?imx6uirq;?/*?irq設(shè)備?*/

?編寫(xiě)中斷處理函數(shù)和定時(shí)器處理函數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)按鍵消抖

/*?中斷服務(wù)函數(shù)，開(kāi)啟定時(shí)器，延時(shí)?10ms?*/
static?irqreturn_t?key0_handler(int?irq,?void?*dev_id){
?struct?imx6uirq_dev?*dev?=?(struct?imx6uirq_dev?*)dev_id;
?dev->curkeynum?=?0;
?dev->timer.data?=?(volatile?long)dev_id;
?mod_timer(&dev->timer,?jiffies?+?msecs_to_jiffies(10));
?return?IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}
/*?定時(shí)器服務(wù)函數(shù)，用于按鍵消抖?*/
void?timer_function(unsigned?long?arg){
?unsigned?char?value;
?unsigned?char?num;
?struct?irq_keydesc?*keydesc;
?struct?imx6uirq_dev?*dev?=?(struct?imx6uirq_dev?*)arg;

?num?=?dev->curkeynum;
?keydesc?=?&dev->irqkeydesc[num];
?value?=?gpio_get_value(keydesc->gpio);?
?if(value?==?0){??
??atomic_set(&dev->keyvalue,?keydesc->value);
?}
?else{?????
??atomic_set(&dev->keyvalue,?0x80?|?keydesc->value);
??atomic_set(&dev->releasekey,?1);?? //標(biāo)記松開(kāi)按鍵
?}
}

?初始化所使用的IO，獲取中斷號(hào)，并請(qǐng)求中斷

/*?按鍵?IO?初始化?*/
static?int?keyio_init(void){
?unsigned?char?i?=?0;
?int?ret?=?0;
?imx6uirq.nd?=?of_find_node_by_path("/key");
?if?(imx6uirq.nd==?NULL){
??printk("key?node?not?find!
");
??return?-EINVAL;
?}
?/*?提取?GPIO?*/
?for?(i?=?0;?i?"key-gpio",?i);
??if?(imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].gpio?0)?{
???printk("can't?get?key%d
",?i);
??}
?}
?/*?初始化key所使用的IO，獲取中斷號(hào)?*/
?for?(i?=?0;?i?memset(imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].name,?0,?sizeof(imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].name));
??sprintf(imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].name,?"KEY%d",?i);
??gpio_request(imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].gpio,imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].name);
??gpio_direction_input(imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].gpio);
??imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].irqnum?=?irq_of_parse_and_map(imx6uirq.nd,?i);
#if?0
??imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].irqnum?=?gpio_to_irq(imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].gpio);
#endif
??printk("key%d:gpio=%d,?irqnum=%d
",i,
??imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].gpio,
??imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].irqnum);
?}
?/*?申請(qǐng)中斷?*/
?imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[0].handler?=?key0_handler;
?imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[0].value?=?KEY0VALUE;
?for?(i?=?0;?i?if(ret?0){
???printk("irq?%d?request?failed!
",imx6uirq.irqkeydesc[i].irqnum);
???return?-EFAULT;
??}
?}
?/*?創(chuàng)建定時(shí)器?*/
?init_timer(&imx6uirq.timer);
?imx6uirq.timer.function?=?timer_function;
?return?0;
}

?編寫(xiě)設(shè)備操作函數(shù)

/*?打開(kāi)設(shè)備?*/
static?int?imx6uirq_open(struct?inode?*inode,?struct?file?*filp){
?filp->private_data?=?&imx6uirq;?/*?設(shè)置私有數(shù)據(jù)?*/
?return?0;
}
/*?從設(shè)備讀取數(shù)據(jù)?*/
static?ssize_t?imx6uirq_read(struct?file?*filp,?char?__user?*buf,size_t?cnt,?loff_t?*offt){
?int?ret?=?0;
?unsigned?char?keyvalue?=?0;
?unsigned?char?releasekey?=?0;
?struct?imx6uirq_dev?*dev?=?(struct?imx6uirq_dev?*)filp->private_data;

?keyvalue?=?atomic_read(&dev->keyvalue);
?releasekey?=?atomic_read(&dev->releasekey);

?if?(releasekey)?{?/*?有按鍵按下?*/
??if?(keyvalue?&?0x80)?{
???keyvalue?&=?~0x80;
???ret?=?copy_to_user(buf,?&keyvalue,?sizeof(keyvalue));
??}?else?{
???goto?data_error;
??}
??atomic_set(&dev->releasekey,?0);?/*?按下標(biāo)志清零?*/
?}?else?{
??goto?data_error;
?}
?return?0;
?data_error:
?return?-EINVAL;
}
/*?設(shè)備操作函數(shù)?*/
static?struct?file_operations?imx6uirq_fops?=?{
?.owner?=?THIS_MODULE,
?.open?=?imx6uirq_open,
?.read?=?imx6uirq_read,
};

?驅(qū)動(dòng)入口函數(shù)中，創(chuàng)建按鍵設(shè)備

/*?驅(qū)動(dòng)入口函數(shù)?*/
static?int?__init?imx6uirq_init(void){
?/*?1、構(gòu)建設(shè)備號(hào)?*/
?if?(imx6uirq.major)?{
??imx6uirq.devid?=?MKDEV(imx6uirq.major,?0);
??register_chrdev_region(imx6uirq.devid,?IMX6UIRQ_CNT,IMX6UIRQ_NAME);
?}?else?{
??alloc_chrdev_region(&imx6uirq.devid,?0,?IMX6UIRQ_CNT,IMX6UIRQ_NAME);
??imx6uirq.major?=?MAJOR(imx6uirq.devid);
??imx6uirq.minor?=?MINOR(imx6uirq.devid);
?}
?/*?2、注冊(cè)字符設(shè)備?*/
?cdev_init(&imx6uirq.cdev,?&imx6uirq_fops);
?cdev_add(&imx6uirq.cdev,?imx6uirq.devid,?IMX6UIRQ_CNT);
?/*?3、創(chuàng)建類?*/
?imx6uirq.class?=?class_create(THIS_MODULE,?IMX6UIRQ_NAME);
?if?(IS_ERR(imx6uirq.class))?{
??return?PTR_ERR(imx6uirq.class);
?}
?/*?4、創(chuàng)建設(shè)備?*/
?imx6uirq.device?=?device_create(imx6uirq.class,NULL,imx6uirq.devid,?NULL,IMX6UIRQ_NAME);
?if?(IS_ERR(imx6uirq.device))?{
??return?PTR_ERR(imx6uirq.device);
?}
?/*?5、?初始化按鍵?*/
?atomic_set(&imx6uirq.keyvalue,?INVAKEY);
?atomic_set(&imx6uirq.releasekey,?0);
?keyio_init();
?return?0;
}

?驅(qū)動(dòng)出口函數(shù)中，刪除字符設(shè)備，釋放中斷

/*?驅(qū)動(dòng)出口函數(shù)?*/
static?void?__exit?imx6uirq_exit(void){
?unsigned?int?i?=?0;
?/*?刪除定時(shí)器?*/
??del_timer_sync(&imx6uirq.timer);
?/*?釋放中斷?*/
??for?(i?=?0;?i?"GPL");

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3. 編寫(xiě)測(cè)試程序

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測(cè)試程序通過(guò)不斷的讀取/dev/imx6uirq文件來(lái)獲取按鍵值，當(dāng)按鍵按下以后就會(huì)將獲取到的按鍵值輸出在終端上。新建imx6uirqApp.c文件，并編寫(xiě)代碼

int?main(int?argc,?char?*argv[]){
?int?fd;
?int?ret?=?0;
?char?*filename;
?unsigned?char?data;
?if?(argc?!=?2)?{
??printf("Error?Usage!
");
??return?-1;
?}

?filename?=?argv[1];
?fd?=?open(filename,?O_RDWR);
?if?(fd?0)?{
??printf("Can't?open?file?%s
",?filename);
??return?-1;
?}

?while?(1)?{
??read(fd,?&data,?sizeof(data));
??if?(data)???//讀取到數(shù)據(jù)
???printf("key?value?=?%#X
",?data);
?}
?
?ret=?close(fd);?
?if(ret?0){
??printf("file?%s?close?failed!
",?argv[1]);
??return?-1;
?}
?return?0;
}

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4. 編譯測(cè)試

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?編譯驅(qū)動(dòng)程序：當(dāng)前目錄下創(chuàng)建Makefile文件，并make編譯

KERNELDIR?:=?/home/andyxi/linux/kernel/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga_andyxi
CURRENT_PATH?:=?$(shell?pwd)
obj-m?:=?imx6uirq.o

build:?kernel_modules

kernel_modules:
$(MAKE)?-C?$(KERNELDIR)?M=$(CURRENT_PATH)?modules
clean:
$(MAKE)?-C?$(KERNELDIR)?M=$(CURRENT_PATH)?clean

?編譯測(cè)試程序：無(wú)需內(nèi)核參與，直接編譯即可

arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc?imx6uirqApp.c?-o?imx6uirqApp

?將驅(qū)動(dòng)文件和測(cè)試文件拷貝至rootfs/lib/modules/4.1.15中，加載驅(qū)動(dòng)

depmod?????????????????????#第一次加載驅(qū)動(dòng)的時(shí)候需要運(yùn)行此命令
modprobe?imx6uirq.ko???????#加載驅(qū)動(dòng)

?加載成功后可查看/proc/interrupts文件來(lái)檢查對(duì)應(yīng)的中斷是否注冊(cè)成功

cat?/proc/interrupts

?運(yùn)行測(cè)試程序，按下KEY0按鍵，imx6uirqApp會(huì)獲取并且輸出按鍵信息

./imx6uirqApp?/dev/key???

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