學(xué)技術(shù) | 使用 LPC553X eFlexPWM 生成 6 路互補(bǔ)帶死區(qū) PWM
1.eFlexPWM 介紹
2.PWM GPIO 口配置
3.eFlexPWM 配置（PWM 配置）
4.eFlexPWM 配置（死區(qū) 配置）
5.eFlexPWM 配置代碼
6.開發(fā)板測(cè)試與波形
7.參考文檔
1. eFlexPWM 介紹
eFlexPWM 是 LPC553X 的一個(gè)高級(jí) Timer 外設(shè)，針對(duì)電機(jī)應(yīng)用和電源應(yīng)用做了優(yōu)化，并能夠產(chǎn)生各種不同的 PWM 類型，PWM 輸出功能主要有中心對(duì)齊（Center Aligned）、邊緣對(duì)齊（Edge Aligned）、相移（Phase Shifted）、雙開關(guān)（Double Switching）功能。
增強(qiáng)的輸入捕獲功能（Enhanced Capture），可以精確測(cè)量 PWM 頻率和占空比。
一個(gè) eFlexPWM 中還有 4 個(gè)子模塊，4 個(gè)子模塊之間具有同步開關(guān)功能，事件產(chǎn)生時(shí)同時(shí)動(dòng)作，消除了中斷和軟件操作上的延時(shí)，特別適合于電機(jī)的換相操作。
eFlexPWM 還可以在精確的時(shí)刻觸發(fā) ADC 進(jìn)行采樣，在電機(jī)相電流采樣中特別方便。
此外還有 counter 不同的重載邏輯，多樣的寄存器 Buffer 更新時(shí)機(jī)，PWM 互補(bǔ)和死區(qū)自動(dòng)生成等功能，本文主要講解如何生成 6 路互補(bǔ)帶死區(qū)的 PWM 以應(yīng)用于電機(jī)控制，這些 PWM 通過 PreDriver 后驅(qū)動(dòng) MOS 或 IGBT，下圖是 eFlexPWM 框圖。
2. PWM GPIO 口配置
GPIO 口的初始化和分配使用 MCUXpresso config Tools 來配置，可以減少錯(cuò)誤和沖突，配置完后將自動(dòng)生成的 pin_mux.c 和 pin_mux.h 拷貝到工程中并在 main 中執(zhí)行 BOARD_InitBootPins() 函數(shù)即可，圖中的 A,0 和 B,0 為互補(bǔ)到死區(qū)的一對(duì) PWM，將分別接到 Predriver 后驅(qū)動(dòng)圖中 MOS 管的 T1 和 T2 信號(hào)，其他依次類推。
3. eFlexPWM 配置（頻率配置）
PWM 頻率的配置主要通過配置 eFlexPWM 的 INIT 和 VAL1 寄存器配置，counter 從 INIT 開始計(jì)數(shù)，計(jì)到 VAL1 時(shí)重新計(jì)數(shù)，如果要產(chǎn)生 20KHz 的 PWM，計(jì)算過程為：INIT = 定時(shí)器時(shí)鐘/20KHz/2 = 150MHz/20KHz/2 = 3750，VAL1 =定時(shí)器時(shí)鐘/20KHz/2 -1 = 3749。部分代碼：
/* value register initial values, duty cycle 50% */
PWMBase->SM[0].INIT = PWM_INIT_INIT((uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO / 2)));//1875
PWMBase->SM[1].INIT = PWM_INIT_INIT((uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO / 2)));
PWMBase->SM[2].INIT = PWM_INIT_INIT((uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO / 2)));
PWMBase->SM[3].INIT = PWM_INIT_INIT((uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO / 2)));
PWMBase->SM[0].VAL1 = PWM_VAL1_VAL1((uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO / 2) - 1));
PWMBase->SM[1].VAL1 = PWM_VAL1_VAL1((uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO / 2) - 1));
PWMBase->SM[2].VAL1 = PWM_VAL1_VAL1((uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO / 2) - 1));
PWMBase->SM[3].VAL1 = PWM_VAL1_VAL1((uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO / 2) - 1));
4. eFlexPWM 配置（死區(qū)配置）
為了防止上下橋同時(shí)開通造成短路，可以根據(jù) MOS 或 IGBT 的開關(guān)速度設(shè)置合適的死區(qū)時(shí)間，通過 DTCNT0 寄存器設(shè)置，計(jì)算方式如下， M1_PWM_DEADTIME 單位為 us，其位置為上圖中的藍(lán)色部分，部分代碼：
PWMBase->SM[0].DTCNT0 = ((M1_PWM_DEADTIME * (MCU_CLOCK_FREQ / 1000000U)) / 1000U);
5. eFlexPWM 配置代碼
eFlexPWM 的配置主要是開啟時(shí)鐘、復(fù)位、設(shè)置 INIT、VAL1 確定頻率、死區(qū)、模式、占空比設(shè)置寄存器 VAL2、VAL3，以下代碼為基于寄存器方式的完整配置代碼：
void eFlexPWM0_init(void)
{
PWM_Type *PWMBase = (PWM_Type *)PWM0;
/*eFlexPWM0 init*/
SYSCON->PWM0SUBCTL = (SYSCON_PWM0SUBCTL_CLK0_EN_MASK | SYSCON_PWM0SUBCTL_CLK1_EN_MASK | SYSCON_PWM0SUBCTL_CLK2_EN_MASK | SYSCON_PWM0SUBCTL_CLK3_EN_MASK); //Enable Sub-module0 clock
CLOCK_EnableClock(kCLOCK_Pwm0);
/* value register initial values, duty cycle 50% */
PWMBase->SM[0].INIT = PWM_INIT_INIT((uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO / 2)));//1875
PWMBase->SM[1].INIT = PWM_INIT_INIT((uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO / 2)));
PWMBase->SM[2].INIT = PWM_INIT_INIT((uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO / 2)));
PWMBase->SM[3].INIT = PWM_INIT_INIT((uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO / 2)));
PWMBase->SM[0].VAL1 = PWM_VAL1_VAL1((uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO / 2) - 1));
PWMBase->SM[1].VAL1 = PWM_VAL1_VAL1((uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO / 2) - 1));
PWMBase->SM[2].VAL1 = PWM_VAL1_VAL1((uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO / 2) - 1));
PWMBase->SM[3].VAL1 = PWM_VAL1_VAL1((uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO / 2) - 1));
// TODO - TEST, init to 0 otherwise (see above).
PWMBase->SM[0].VAL2 = (uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO/4));
PWMBase->SM[1].VAL2 = (uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO/4));
PWMBase->SM[2].VAL2 = (uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO/4));
PWMBase->SM[3].VAL2 = (uint16_t)(-(M1_PWM_MODULO/4));
PWMBase->SM[0].VAL3 = (uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO/4));
PWMBase->SM[1].VAL3 = (uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO/4));
PWMBase->SM[2].VAL3 = (uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO/4));
PWMBase->SM[3].VAL3 = (uint16_t)((M1_PWM_MODULO/4));
/* PWM0 module 0 trigger on VAL4 enabled for ADC synchronization */
PWMBase->SM[0].VAL4 = PWM_VAL4_VAL4((uint16_t)((-(M1_PWM_MODULO / 2))));
/*xx_xxx1b - PWM_OUT_TRIG0 will set when the counter value matches the VAL0 value */
PWMBase->SM[0].TCTRL |= PWM_TCTRL_OUT_TRIG_EN(0b010001);//PWAOT0 PWBOT1 TRGFRQ OUT_TRIG_EN
PWMBase->SM[0].INTEN = (0x1UL << 12UL);//RIE,Reload Interrupt Enable?
/* set deadtime (number of Fast Peripheral Clocks)
DTCNT0,1 = T_dead * f_fpc = 1.0us * 150MHz = 150 */
PWMBase->SM[0].DTCNT0 = ((M1_PWM_DEADTIME * (MCU_CLOCK_FREQ / 1000000U)) / 1000U);
PWMBase->SM[1].DTCNT0 = ((M1_PWM_DEADTIME * (MCU_CLOCK_FREQ / 1000000U)) / 1000U);
PWMBase->SM[2].DTCNT0 = ((M1_PWM_DEADTIME * (MCU_CLOCK_FREQ / 1000000U)) / 1000U);
PWMBase->SM[3].DTCNT0 = ((M1_PWM_DEADTIME * (MCU_CLOCK_FREQ / 1000000U)) / 1000U);
PWMBase->SM[0].DTCNT1 = ((M1_PWM_DEADTIME * (MCU_CLOCK_FREQ / 1000000U)) / 1000U);
PWMBase->SM[1].DTCNT1 = ((M1_PWM_DEADTIME * (MCU_CLOCK_FREQ / 1000000U)) / 1000U);
PWMBase->SM[2].DTCNT1 = ((M1_PWM_DEADTIME * (MCU_CLOCK_FREQ / 1000000U)) / 1000U);
PWMBase->SM[3].DTCNT1 = ((M1_PWM_DEADTIME * (MCU_CLOCK_FREQ / 1000000U)) / 1000U);
/* Control Register */
PWMBase->SM[0].CTRL = ( 0x0UL << 12UL )? //LDFQ
|( 0x0UL << 11UL )? //HALF
|( 0x1UL << 10UL )? //FULL
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
/* Control Register */
PWMBase->SM[1].CTRL = ( 0x0UL << 12UL )? //LDFQ
|( 0x0UL << 11UL )? //HALF
|( 0x1UL << 10UL )? //FULL
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
/* Control Register */
PWMBase->SM[2].CTRL = ( 0x0UL << 12UL )? //LDFQ
|( 0x0UL << 11UL )? //HALF
|( 0x1UL << 10UL )? //FULL
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
/* Control Register */
PWMBase->SM[3].CTRL = ( 0x0UL << 12UL )? //LDFQ
|( 0x0UL << 11UL )? //HALF
|( 0x1UL << 10UL )? //FULL
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL <
|( 0x0UL << 0UL ); //DBLEN
/* Fault0 trigger, Disable X,Disable B,Disable A */
// PWMBase->SM[0].DISMAP[0] = 0xF111U;
// PWMBase->SM[1].DISMAP[0] = 0xF111U;
// PWMBase->SM[2].DISMAP[0] = 0xF111U;
// PWMBase->SM[3].DISMAP[0] = 0xF111U;
PWMBase->SM[0].DISMAP[0] = 0;
PWMBase->SM[1].DISMAP[0] = 0;
PWMBase->SM[2].DISMAP[0] = 0;
PWMBase->SM[3].DISMAP[0] = 0;
/* PWMs are re-enabled at PWM full cycle / half cycle */
PWMBase->FSTS = (PWMBase->FSTS & ~(PWM_FSTS_FFULL_MASK | PWM_FSTS_FHALF_MASK)) | PWM_FSTS_FFULL(0x1) | PWM_FSTS_FHALF(0x1);
/* PWM fault filter - 3 Fast periph. clocks sample rate, 5 agreeing samples to activate */
PWMBase->FFILT = (PWMBase->FFILT & ~PWM_FFILT_FILT_PER_MASK) | PWM_FFILT_FILT_PER(2);
/* All interrupts disabled, safe manual fault clearing, inversed logic (trigger level = high) */
PWMBase->FCTRL &= ~(PWM_FCTRL_FLVL_MASK | PWM_FCTRL_FAUTO_MASK | PWM_FCTRL_FSAFE_MASK | PWM_FCTRL_FIE_MASK); /* clear FCTRL register prior further settings */
PWMBase->FCTRL |= PWM_FCTRL_FLVL(0x1U);
PWMBase->FCTRL |= PWM_FCTRL_FAUTO(0x1U);
PWMBase->FCTRL |= PWM_FCTRL_FSAFE(0x1U);
PWMBase->FCTRL |= PWM_FCTRL_FIE(0U); /* FAULT 0 & FAULT 1 - Interrupt disable */
/* Clear all fault flags */
PWMBase->FSTS = (PWMBase->FSTS & ~PWM_FSTS_FFLAG_MASK) | PWM_FSTS_FFLAG(0xF);
PWMBase->MASK = 0;//UPDATE_MASK MASKA MASKB MASKx
PWMBase->SWCOUT = 0;
PWMBase->DTSRCSEL = 0;//
PWMBase->SM[0].FRCTRL |= ((0UL << 4UL) | (0UL << 2UL) | (0UL << 1UL)) ;//FRAC45_EN 4,FRAC23_EN 2,FRAC1_EN1
PWMBase->SM[0].FRACVAL2 = 0 << 11UL;
PWMBase->SM[0].FRACVAL3 = 0 << 11UL;
PWMBase->SM[1].FRACVAL2 = 0 << 11UL;
PWMBase->SM[1].FRACVAL3 = 0 << 11UL;
PWMBase->SM[2].FRACVAL2 = 0 << 11UL;
PWMBase->SM[2].FRACVAL3 = 0 << 11UL;
PWMBase->SM[3].FRACVAL2 = 0 << 11UL;
PWMBase->SM[3].FRACVAL3 = 0 << 11UL;
PWMBase->SM[0].CTRL2 = ( 0x0UL << 15UL ) //DBGEN
|( 0x0UL << 14UL ) //WAITEN,Sleep Enable
|( 0x0UL << 13UL ) //INDEP,0b - PWM_A and PWM_B form a complementary PWM pair.
|( 0x0UL << 12UL ) //PWM23_INIT,
|( 0x0UL << 11UL ) //PWM45_INIT
|( 0x0UL << 10UL ) //PWMX_INIT
|( 0x0UL << 8UL ) //INIT_SEL,counter load init value,Local sync,Master reload,Master sync,EXT_SYNC
|( 0x0UL << 7UL ) //FRCEN
|( 0x0UL << 6UL ) //FORCE
|( 0x0UL << 3UL ) //FORCE_SEL,local force，master force，local reload，master reload，local sync，master sync，external force，external sync
|( 0x0UL << 2UL ) //RELOAD_SEL,0b - The local RELOAD signal
|( 0x0UL << 0UL ); //CLK_SEL,
//00b - The IPBus clock
//01b - EXT_CLK
//10b - Submodule 0’s clock (AUX_CLK)
PWMBase->SM[1].CTRL2 = ( 0x0UL << 15UL ) //DBGEN
|( 0x0UL << 14UL ) //WAITEN,Sleep Enable
|( 0x0UL << 13UL ) //INDEP,0b - PWM_A and PWM_B form a complementary PWM pair.
|( 0x0UL << 12UL ) //PWM23_INIT,
|( 0x0UL << 11UL ) //PWM45_INIT
|( 0x0UL << 10UL ) //PWMX_INIT
|( 0x2UL << 8UL ) //INIT_SEL,counter load init value,Local sync,Master reload,Master sync,EXT_SYNC
|( 0x0UL << 7UL ) //FRCEN
|( 0x0UL << 6UL ) //FORCE
|( 0x1UL << 3UL ) //FORCE_SEL,local force，master force，local reload，master reload，local sync，master sync，external force，external sync
|( 0x1UL << 2UL ) //RELOAD_SEL,1b - The master RELOAD signal
|( 0x0UL << 0UL ); //CLK_SEL,
//00b - The IPBus clock
//01b - EXT_CLK
//10b - Submodule 0’s clock (AUX_CLK)
PWMBase->SM[2].CTRL2 = ( 0x0UL << 15UL ) //DBGEN
|( 0x0UL << 14UL ) //WAITEN,Sleep Enable
|( 0x0UL << 13UL ) //INDEP,0b - PWM_A and PWM_B form a complementary PWM pair.
|( 0x0UL << 12UL ) //PWM23_INIT,
|( 0x0UL << 11UL ) //PWM45_INIT
|( 0x0UL << 10UL ) //PWMX_INIT
|( 0x2UL << 8UL ) //INIT_SEL,counter load init value,Local sync,Master reload,Master sync,EXT_SYNC
|( 0x0UL << 7UL ) //FRCEN
|( 0x0UL << 6UL ) //FORCE
|( 0x1UL << 3UL ) //FORCE_SEL,local force，master force，local reload，master reload，local sync，master sync，external force，external sync
|( 0x1UL << 2UL ) //RELOAD_SEL,1b - The master RELOAD signal
|( 0x0UL << 0UL ); //CLK_SEL,
//00b - The IPBus clock
//01b - EXT_CLK
//10b - Submodule 0’s clock (AUX_CLK)
PWMBase->SM[3].CTRL2 = ( 0x0UL << 15UL ) //DBGEN
|( 0x0UL << 14UL ) //WAITEN,Sleep Enable
|( 0x0UL << 13UL ) //INDEP,0b - PWM_A and PWM_B form a complementary PWM pair.
|( 0x0UL << 12UL ) //PWM23_INIT,
|( 0x0UL << 11UL ) //PWM45_INIT
|( 0x0UL << 10UL ) //PWMX_INIT
|( 0x2UL << 8UL ) //INIT_SEL,counter load init value,Local sync,Master reload,Master sync,EXT_SYNC
|( 0x0UL << 7UL ) //FRCEN
|( 0x0UL << 6UL ) //FORCE
|( 0x1UL << 3UL ) //FORCE_SEL,local force，master force，local reload，master reload，local sync，master sync，external force，external sync
|( 0x1UL << 2UL ) //RELOAD_SEL,1b - The master RELOAD signal
|( 0x0UL << 0UL ); //CLK_SEL,
//00b - The IPBus clock
//01b - EXT_CLK
//10b - Submodule 0’s clock (AUX_CLK)
/* Start PWMs (set load OK flags and run - we need to trigger the ADC) */
PWMBase->MCTRL = (PWMBase->MCTRL & ~PWM_MCTRL_CLDOK_MASK) | PWM_MCTRL_CLDOK(0xF);
PWMBase->MCTRL = (PWMBase->MCTRL & ~PWM_MCTRL_LDOK_MASK) | PWM_MCTRL_LDOK(0xF);
PWMBase->MCTRL = (PWMBase->MCTRL & ~PWM_MCTRL_RUN_MASK) | PWM_MCTRL_RUN(0xF);
//PWMBase->OUTEN = 0xFF0;//0xFF0,11-8,PWMA3_EN ~ PWMA0_EN, 7-4 PWMB3_EN ~ PWMB0_EN, 3-0 PWMX3_EN ~ PWMX0_EN
/* Enable & setup interrupt from PWMA */
NVIC_SetPriority(FLEXPWM0_RELOAD0_IRQn, 0U);
NVIC_EnableIRQ(FLEXPWM0_RELOAD0_IRQn);
}
6. 開發(fā)板測(cè)試與波形
本文使用 NXP 原廠的 LPC55S36-EVK 測(cè)試，生成的 6 路 PWM 對(duì)應(yīng)原理圖中的 PWM_AT、PWM_AB、 PWM_BT、PWM_BB、 PWM_CT、PWM_CB，如下圖所示：
示波器探頭連接開發(fā)板 J10 插件 15 與 13 腳，如下圖中紅框部分如圖所示：
示波器黃色探頭為 PWM_AT，藍(lán)色為 PWM_AB，測(cè)量為 40KHz PWM，死區(qū) 1us，與設(shè)置的一致。
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