mysql部署在k8s上的實現(xiàn)方案

一、概述

复制MySQL是一個關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)，由瑞典 MySQL AB 公司開發(fā)，屬于 Oracle 旗下產(chǎn)品。MySQL 是最流行的關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)之一，在 WEB 應(yīng)用方面，MySQL 是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System，關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)) 應(yīng)用軟件之一。這里主要講 mysql 部署在 k8s 上，mysql 部署在 k8s 上的優(yōu)勢主要有以下幾點：

• 資源隔離
• 動態(tài)彈性擴縮容
• 環(huán)境一致性
• 運維方便

官方文檔：

https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/mysql-database/doc/getting-started.html

MySQL 原理介紹也可以參考這篇文章：

MySQL 原理介紹：

https://www.cnblogs.com/liugp/p/16500048.html

二、開始部署（一主兩從）

1）添加源

复制helmrepoaddbitnamihttps://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
helmpullbitnami/mysql
tar-xfmysql-9.3.3.tgz

2）修改配置

• 修改复制mysql/values.yaml

复制...

image:
registry:myharbor.com
repository:bigdata/mysql
tag:8.0.30-debian-11-r15

...

architecture:replication

...

primary:
persistence:
enabled:true
size:10Gi
storageClass:"mysql-local-storage"
#目錄需要提前在宿主機上創(chuàng)建
local:
-name:mysql-0
host:"local-168-182-110"
path:"/opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1"
service:
type:NodePort
nodePorts:
mysql:"30306"

secondary:
replicaCount:2
persistence:
enabled:true
size:10Gi
storageClass:"mysql-local-storage"
#目錄需要提前在宿主機上創(chuàng)建
local:
-name:mysql-1
host:"local-168-182-111"
path:"/opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1"
-name:mysql-2
host:"local-168-182-112"
path:"/opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1"
service:
type:NodePort
nodePorts:
mysql:"30307"

...

metrics:
##@parammetrics.enabledStartaside-carprometheusexporter
##
enabled:true
image:
registry:myharbor.com
repository:bigdata/mysqld-exporter
tag:0.14.0-debian-11-r33

• 添加复制mysql/templates/pv.yaml

复制{{-range.Values.primary.persistence.local}}
---
apiVersion:v1
kind:PersistentVolume
metadata:
name:{{.name}}
labels:
name:{{.name}}
spec:
storageClassName:{{$.Values.primary.persistence.storageClass}}
capacity:
storage:{{$.Values.primary.persistence.size}}
accessModes:
-ReadWriteOnce
local:
path:{{.path}}
nodeAffinity:
required:
nodeSelectorTerms:
-matchExpressions:
-key:kubernetes.io/hostname
operator:In
values:
-{{.host}}
---
{{-end}}

{{-range.Values.secondary.persistence.local}}
---
apiVersion:v1
kind:PersistentVolume
metadata:
name:{{.name}}
labels:
name:{{.name}}
spec:
storageClassName:{{$.Values.secondary.persistence.storageClass}}
capacity:
storage:{{$.Values.secondary.persistence.size}}
accessModes:
-ReadWriteOnce
local:
path:{{.path}}
nodeAffinity:
required:
nodeSelectorTerms:
-matchExpressions:
-key:kubernetes.io/hostname
operator:In
values:
-{{.host}}
---
{{-end}}

• 添加复制mysql/templates/storage-class.yaml

复制kind:StorageClass
apiVersion:storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name:{{.Values.primary.persistence.storageClass}}
provisioner:kubernetes.io/no-provisioner

3）開始安裝

复制#創(chuàng)建持久化目錄
mkdir-p/opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1

#先準備好鏡像
dockerpulldocker.io/bitnami/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15
dockertagdocker.io/bitnami/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15myharbor.com/bigdata/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15
dockerpushmyharbor.com/bigdata/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15

#mysqld-exporter
dockerpulldocker.io/bitnami/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33
dockertagdocker.io/bitnami/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33myharbor.com/bigdata/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33
dockerpushmyharbor.com/bigdata/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33

#開始安裝
helminstallmysql./mysql-nmysql--create-namespace

NOTES

复制NAME:mysql
LASTDEPLOYED:MonSep1923182022
NAMESPACE:mysql
STATUS:deployed
REVISION:1
TESTSUITE:None
NOTES:
CHARTNAME:mysql
CHARTVERSION:9.3.3
APPVERSION:8.0.30

**Pleasebepatientwhilethechartisbeingdeployed**

Tip:

Watchthedeploymentstatususingthecommand:kubectlgetpods-w--namespacemysql

Services:

echoPrimary:mysql-primary.mysql.svc.cluster.local:3306
echoSecondary:mysql-secondary.mysql.svc.cluster.local:3306

Executethefollowingtogettheadministratorcredentials:

echoUsername:root
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(kubectlgetsecret--namespacemysqlmysql-ojsonpath="{.data.mysql-root-password}"|base64-d)

Toconnecttoyourdatabase:

1.Runapodthatyoucanuseasaclient:

kubectlrunmysql-client--rm--tty-i--restart='Never'--imagemyharbor.com/bigdata/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15--namespacemysql--envMYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD--command--bash

2.Toconnecttoprimaryservice(read/write):

mysql-hmysql-primary.mysql.svc.cluster.local-uroot-p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"

3.Toconnecttosecondaryservice(read-only):

mysql-hmysql-secondary.mysql.svc.cluster.local-uroot-p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"



ToaccesstheMySQLPrometheusmetricsfromoutsidetheclusterexecutethefollowingcommands:

kubectlport-forward--namespacemysqlsvc/mysql-metrics9104:9104&
curlhttp://127.0.0.1:9104/metrics

查看 pod 狀態(tài)

复制kubectlgetpods,svc-nmysql-owide

4）測試驗證

【溫馨提示】從庫（slave）是只讀的。就是簡單的讀寫測試，還有就是 pod 掛了，能否正常拉起等等。這個測試驗證比較簡單。這里就不一步步的演示了。

5）Prometheus 監(jiān)控

Prometheus：

https://prometheus.k8s.local/targets?search=mysql

可以通過命令查看采集數(shù)據(jù)

复制kubectlget--rawhttp://10.244.0.74:9104/metrics
kubectlget--rawhttp://10.244.1.125:9104/metrics
kubectlget--rawhttp://10.244.2.178:9104/metrics

Grafana：

https://grafana.k8s.local/

賬號：复制admin，密碼通過下面命令獲取

复制kubectlgetsecret--namespacegrafanagrafana-ojsonpath="{.data.admin-password}"|base64--decode;echo

導(dǎo)入 grafana 模板，集群資源監(jiān)控：复制7362
官方模塊下載地址：

https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/

6）卸載

复制helmuninstallmysql-nmysql

kubectldeletepod-nmysql`kubectlgetpod-nmysql|awk'NR>1{print$1}'`--force
kubectlpatchnsmysql-p'{"metadata":{"finalizers":null}}'
kubectldeletensmysql--force

總結(jié)

這里只是實現(xiàn)了 mysql 的主從，沒有實現(xiàn)高可用，官方目前沒有出 mysql ok k8s 高可用的實現(xiàn)方案，雖然網(wǎng)上也有高可用的實現(xiàn)方案，但是我們公司沒真正去落地使用，所以不予評價網(wǎng)上的高可用的方案，有興趣的小伙伴可以去試試，其實 mysql 在大數(shù)據(jù)領(lǐng)域一般只是作為元數(shù)據(jù)存儲，主掛了，影響不是很大。目前也在研究 mysql on k8s 的高可用實現(xiàn)方案，如果后期有 mysql on k8s 高可用真正落地到生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中使用，到時候再來分享一下。MySQL on k8s 環(huán)境部署就先這里了，有疑問的小伙伴歡迎給我留言~