【Python】如何將Python腳本打包成exe可執(zhí)行文件

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相信大家也有過(guò)這樣的困惑，本來(lái)已經(jīng)使用Python寫(xiě)好了腳本代碼，又不想公開(kāi)代碼邏輯，但又要給別人使用這些功能？

這可怎么辦呢？

有沒(méi)有什么辦法，可以將Python腳本打包成一個(gè)exe文件，這樣發(fā)布的時(shí)候，我只需要提交一個(gè)exe文件，別人只要雙擊打開(kāi)就能使用我的功能，而我又不需要公開(kāi)代碼，且不一舉兩得？

答案肯定是有的，請(qǐng)看下文分解。

這里我隨意編寫(xiě)了一個(gè)Python腳本作為例子來(lái)介紹，功能很簡(jiǎn)單，就是每秒鐘輸出一個(gè)索引值，值是遞加1的，代碼如下：

复制import time

index = 1

print('start running')

for index in range(1,1000):
	print(index)
	index = index + 1
	time.sleep(1)

print('stop running ...')

使用Python命令行運(yùn)行的結(jié)果如下：

那么我們使用工具把這個(gè)Python代碼打包成一個(gè)exe文件。

這里需要用到一個(gè)Python的工具包，交Pyinstaller，我們使用以下命令就可以安裝它。

复制pip install pyinstaller

如下所示：（黃色字體提示pip有新版本要更新，可以不用管他）

提示安裝成功后，輸入下面的命令，有正常輸出表示pyinstaller安裝成功了。

复制pyinstaller.exe --help

下面我們就開(kāi)始使用這個(gè)工具將python腳本打包成exe文件。

首先，我們進(jìn)到Python腳本文件所在的目錄，如下：（我的是powershell命令行環(huán)境）

接著使用命令開(kāi)始打包Python腳本，交互輸出log如下所示：

复制PS Z:win_share_workspacetest_sharetest_python2exe> pyinstaller.exe -F .running.py
179 INFO: PyInstaller: 4.5.1
180 INFO: Python: 3.7.8
188 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.19041-SP0
316 INFO: wrote Z:win_share_workspacetest_sharetest_python2exerunning.spec
501 INFO: UPX is not available.
1113 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['Z:\win_share_workspace\test_share\test_python2exe',
 'Z:\win_share_workspace\test_share\test_python2exe']
6010 INFO: checking Analysis
6047 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent
6048 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
6119 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
6148 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
13118 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils from 'c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\hooks\pre_find_module_path\hook-distutils.py'.
13120 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib'
15205 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
16314 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
16322 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
  required by c:usersredteaappdatalocalprogramspythonpython37python.exe
18942 INFO: Analyzing Z:win_share_workspacetest_sharetest_python2exerunning.py
19151 INFO: Processing module hooks...
19153 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-difflib.py' from 'c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\hooks'...
19155 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-distutils.py' from 'c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\hooks'...
19157 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-encodings.py' from 'c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\hooks'...
20863 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from 'c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\hooks'...
20865 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from 'c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\hooks'...
20867 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-sysconfig.py' from 'c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\hooks'...
20869 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.py' from 'c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\hooks'...
21563 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
21564 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
21567 INFO: Including run-time hook 'c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\hooks\rthooks\pyi_rth_pkgutil.py'
21636 INFO: Including run-time hook 'c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\hooks\rthooks\pyi_rth_inspect.py'
21642 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
22600 INFO: Looking for eggs
22600 INFO: Using Python library c:usersredteaappdatalocalprogramspythonpython37python37.dll
22600 INFO: Found binding redirects:
[]
22748 INFO: Warnings written to Z:win_share_workspacetest_sharetest_python2exebuildrunningwarn-running.txt
23472 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to Z:win_share_workspacetest_sharetest_python2exebuildrunningxref-running.html
23842 INFO: checking PYZ
23921 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent
23921 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) Z:win_share_workspacetest_sharetest_python2exebuildrunningPYZ-00.pyz
26078 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) Z:win_share_workspacetest_sharetest_python2exebuildrunningPYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
26806 INFO: checking PKG
26830 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent
26830 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
48506 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.
48830 INFO: Bootloader c:usersredteaappdatalocalprogramspythonpython37libsite-packagesPyInstallerbootloaderWindows-64bitrun.exe
48830 INFO: checking EXE
48912 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent
48913 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
49652 INFO: Copying icons from ['c:\users\redtea\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\images\icon-console.ico']
50456 INFO: Writing RT_GROUP_ICON 0 resource with 104 bytes
50456 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 1 resource with 3752 bytes
50457 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 2 resource with 2216 bytes
50458 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 3 resource with 1384 bytes
50458 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 4 resource with 37019 bytes
50458 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 5 resource with 9640 bytes
50459 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 6 resource with 4264 bytes
50459 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 7 resource with 1128 bytes
52342 INFO: Updating manifest in Z:win_share_workspacetest_sharetest_python2exebuildrunningrun.exe.z10cqb8f
54272 INFO: Updating resource type 24 name 1 language 0
56760 INFO: Appending archive to EXE Z:win_share_workspacetest_sharetest_python2exedistrunning.exe
155327 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.

看到最后提示successfully，就表示打包成功了。生成的exew文件位于dist目錄，我們打開(kāi)看看。

打包出來(lái)的文件還是畢竟大，簡(jiǎn)單幾行代碼就達(dá)到了6MB，主要是因?yàn)樗岩恍㏄ython的依賴庫(kù)也打包進(jìn)來(lái)了，所以我們雙擊就可以運(yùn)行，運(yùn)行效果與Python命令行運(yùn)行一模一樣。

好了，本期將Python腳本打包成exe文件的教程到這里就結(jié)束了，你學(xué)會(huì)了嗎?

更多實(shí)用教程，請(qǐng)關(guān)注我的主頁(yè)，謝謝大家。

?審核編輯：湯梓紅