鴻蒙軟總線(xiàn)跨設(shè)備訪(fǎng)問(wèn)解析

1、跨設(shè)備啟動(dòng)FA、跨設(shè)備遷移、回遷

（1）權(quán)限

ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_STATE_CHANGE：用于允許監(jiān)聽(tīng)分布式組網(wǎng)內(nèi)的設(shè)備狀態(tài)變化。
ohos.permission.GET_DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_INFO：用于允許獲取分布式組網(wǎng)內(nèi)的設(shè)備列表和設(shè)備信息。
ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO：用于查詢(xún)其他應(yīng)用的信息。
ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC：用于允許不同設(shè)備間的數(shù)據(jù)交換。

"reqPermissions": [
    {"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"},
    {"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_STATE_CHANGE"}, 
    {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_INFO" }, 
   {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO"} 
]

//主動(dòng)申明，要多設(shè)備協(xié)同，讓用戶(hù)選擇允許還是禁止
requestPermissionsFromUser(new String[]{"ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"}, 0);

（2）界面：ability_main.xml

另外我們需要的Page Abiltiy：MigrationAbility、RemoveAbility  MainAbilitySlice:

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
   private Button mainStartFABtn,mainMigrationBtn;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        mainStartFABtn = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_main_start_fa_btn);
        mainMigrationBtn = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_main_migration_btn);
        
        mainStartFABtn.setClickedListener(mClickListener);
        mainMigrationBtn.setClickedListener(mClickListener);
    }

    private Component.ClickedListener mClickListener = new Component.ClickedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(Component component) {
            int compoentId = component.getId();
            switch (compoentId){
                case ResourceTable.Id_main_start_fa_btn:
                    //點(diǎn)擊后跨設(shè)備打開(kāi)Fa
                    //第一種寫(xiě)法
                    Intent intent = new Intent();
                    Operation op = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                            .withDeviceId(Common.getOnLineDeviceId())
                            .withBundleName("com.ybzy.demo")
                            .withAbilityName("com.ybzy.demo.RemoveAbility")
                            .withFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE)
                            .build();
                    intent.setOperation(op);
                    intent.setParam("msg","我夸設(shè)備把你這個(gè)FA拉起來(lái)了！");
                    startAbility(intent);

                    //第二鐘寫(xiě)法
                    intent.setElement(new ElementName(Common.getOnLineDeviceId()
                                            ,"com.ybzy.demo","com.ybzy.demo.RemoveAbility"));
                    intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);
                    intent.setParam("msg","我夸設(shè)備把你這個(gè)FA拉起來(lái)了！");
                    startAbility(intent);

                    break;
                case ResourceTable.Id_main_migration_btn:
                    //點(diǎn)擊后進(jìn)入要遷移的Ability頁(yè)面
                    Intent migrationIntent = new Intent();
                    migrationIntent.setElement(new ElementName("","com.ybzy.demo"
                                                    ,"com.ybzy.demo.MigrationAbility"));
                    startAbility(migrationIntent);
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
    };

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

ability_migration.xml

RemoveAbility...把接收到的值顯示到頁(yè)面就行，setText()

（3）工具類(lèi)

public class Common{
    public static String getDeviceId(){
        List deviceList = DeviceManager.getDeviceList(DeviceInfo.FLAG_GET_ONLINE_DEVICE);
        if(deviceList.isEmpty()){
            return null;
        }
        int deviceNum = deviceList.size();
        List deviceIds = new ArrayList<>(deviceNum);
        List deviceNames = new ArrayList<>(deviceNum);
        deviceList.forEach((device)->{
            deviceIds.add(device.getDeviceId());
            deviceNames.add(device.getDeviceName());
        });

        //我們這里的實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境，就兩部手機(jī)，組件還沒(méi)講
        //我就直接使用deviceIds的第一個(gè)元素，做為啟動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備的目標(biāo)id
        String devcieIdStr = deviceIds.get(0);
        return devcieIdStr;
    }

    public static void myShowTip(Context context,String msg){
        //提示框的核心組件文本
        Text text = new Text(context);
        text.setWidth(MATCH_CONTENT);
        text.setHeight(MATCH_CONTENT);
        text.setTextSize(16, Text.TextSizeType.FP);
        text.setText(msg);
        text.setPadding(30,20,30,20);
        text.setMultipleLine(true);
        text.setMarginLeft(30);
        text.setMarginRight(30);
        text.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
        text.setTextAlignment(TextAlignment.CENTER);
    
        //給上面的文本設(shè)置一個(gè)背景樣式
        ShapeElement style = new ShapeElement();
        style.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
        style.setRgbColor(new RgbColor(77,77,77));
        style.setCornerRadius(15);
        text.setBackground(style);
    
        //構(gòu)建存放上面的text的布局
        DirectionalLayout mainLayout = new DirectionalLayout(context);
        mainLayout.setWidth(MATCH_PARENT);
        mainLayout.setHeight(MATCH_CONTENT);
        mainLayout.setAlignment(LayoutAlignment.CENTER);
        mainLayout.addComponent(text);
    
        //最后要讓上面的組件綁定dialog
        ToastDialog toastDialog = new ToastDialog(context);
        toastDialog.setSize(MATCH_PARENT,MATCH_CONTENT);
        toastDialog.setDuration(1500);
        toastDialog.setAutoClosable(true);
        toastDialog.setTransparent(true);
        toastDialog.setAlignment(LayoutAlignment.CENTER);
        toastDialog.setComponent((Component) mainLayout);
        toastDialog.show();
    }
    
}

（4）實(shí)現(xiàn)功能 MigrationAbilitySlice：

public class MigrationAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements IAbilityContinuation {
    TextField migrationTextField;
    Button migrationMigrationBtn,migrationMigrationBackBtn;
    String msg = "";

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_migration);

        migrationTextField = (TextField)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_migration_textfield);
        migrationTextField.setText(msg);
        migrationMigrationBtn = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_migration_migration_btn);
        migrationMigrationBtn.setClickedListener(component -> {
            //1、要進(jìn)行遷移的Ability實(shí)現(xiàn)接口 IAbilityContinuation，實(shí)現(xiàn)的方法返回值改成true
            //2、要進(jìn)行遷移的Ability下面關(guān)聯(lián)的所有AbilitySlice都要實(shí)現(xiàn)接口 IAbilityContinuation，
            //  實(shí)現(xiàn)的方法上處理數(shù)據(jù)
            //3、進(jìn)行遷移
            String deviceId = Common.getOnLineDeviceId();
            if(deviceId != null){
//                continueAbility(deviceId); 
                continueAbilityReversibly(deviceId);
            }
        });

        migrationMigrationBackBtn = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable
                                                                    .Id_migration_migration_back_btn);
        migrationMigrationBackBtn.setClickedListener(component -> {
            reverseContinueAbility();
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onStartContinuation() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onSaveData(IntentParams intentParams) {
        intentParams.setParam("msg",migrationTextField.getText());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onRestoreData(IntentParams intentParams) {
        msg = intentParams.getParam("msg").toString();
//        getUITaskDispatcher().asyncDispatch(() -> {
//            migrationTextField.setText(intentParams.getParam("msg").toString());
//        });
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCompleteContinuation(int i) {

    }

}

2、跨設(shè)備連接Service

啟動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備Service的代碼示例如下： 添加按鈕：

新建RemoteServiceAbility：

public class RemoteServiceAbility extends Ability {
    private static final HiLogLabel LABEL_LOG = new HiLogLabel(3, 0xD001100, "Demo");
    private Source sVideoSource;
    private Player sPlayer;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        HiLog.error(LABEL_LOG, "RmoteServiceAbility::onStart");
        super.onStart(intent);
        Common.myShowTip(this,"remote onstart");
        sPlayer = new Player(RemoteServiceAbility.this);
        new PlayerThread().start();
    }
    class PlayerThread extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                File mp3FilePath = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC);
                if (!mp3FilePath.exists()) {
                    mp3FilePath.mkdirs();
                }
                File mp3File = new File(mp3FilePath.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + "bj.mp3");

                Resource res = getResourceManager()
                        .getRawFileEntry("resources/rawfile/bj.mp3").openRawFile();
                byte[] buf = new byte[4096];
                int count = 0;
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(mp3File);
                while ((count = res.read(buf)) != -1) {
                    fos.write(buf, 0, count);
                }
                FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = new FileInputStream(mp3File).getFD();
                sVideoSource = new Source(fileDescriptor);
                sPlayer.setSource(sVideoSource);
                sPlayer.prepare();
                sPlayer.setVolume(0.3f);
                sPlayer.enableSingleLooping(true);
                sPlayer.play();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        Common.myShowTip(RemoteServiceAbility.this,"remote onStop");
        sPlayer.stop();
    }

    @Override
    public IRemoteObject onConnect(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }
    @Override
    public void onDisconnect(Intent intent) {
    }
}

啟動(dòng)：

case ResourceTable.Id_main_start_remoteService_btn:

    Common.myShowTip(MainAbilitySlice.this,deviceId);
    Intent startRemoteServiceIntent = new Intent();
    startRemoteServiceIntent.setElement(new ElementName(
            deviceId,
            "com.ybzy.demo",
            "com.ybzy.demo.RemoteServiceAbility"
    ));
    startRemoteServiceIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);
    startAbility(startRemoteServiceIntent);
    break;

關(guān)閉遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備Service：

case ResourceTable.Id_main_stop_remoteService_btn:
    Common.myShowTip(MainAbilitySlice.this,deviceId);
    Intent stopRemoteServiceIntent = new Intent();
    stopRemoteServiceIntent.setElement(new ElementName(
            deviceId,
            "com.ybzy.demo",
            "com.ybzy.demo.RemoteServiceAbility"
    ));
    stopRemoteServiceIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);
    stopAbility(stopRemoteServiceIntent);
    break;

僅通過(guò)啟動(dòng)和停止Service Ability兩種方式對(duì)Service進(jìn)行調(diào)度無(wú)法應(yīng)對(duì)需長(zhǎng)期交互的場(chǎng)景， 簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，信息就是只能去，回不來(lái)！ 因此，分布式任務(wù)調(diào)度平臺(tái)向開(kāi)發(fā)者提供了跨設(shè)備Service連接及斷開(kāi)連接的能力。 鏈接上了，信息可去可回！ 鏈接是使用connectAbility()方法，需要傳入目標(biāo)Service的Intent與接口IAbilityConnection的實(shí)例對(duì)象。 接口IAbilityConnection提供了兩個(gè)方法供開(kāi)發(fā)者實(shí)現(xiàn)： （1）onAbilityConnectDone()用來(lái)處理連接的回調(diào)。 （2）onAbilityDisconnectDone()用來(lái)處理斷開(kāi)連接的回調(diào)。 我們可以在onAbilityConnectDone()中獲取管理鏈接的代理，進(jìn)一步為了使用該代理跨設(shè)備調(diào)度Service， 開(kāi)發(fā)者需要在本地及遠(yuǎn)端分別實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)外接口一致的代理，這個(gè)接口是IRemoteBroker。 添加按鈕：

發(fā)起連接的本地側(cè)的代理示例如下：

public class MyRemoteProxy implements IRemoteBroker {
    //IRemoteBroker:獲取遠(yuǎn)程代理對(duì)象的持有者
    private static final int ERR_OK = 0;
    //COMMAND_PLUS表示有效消息進(jìn)行通信的約定的標(biāo)記，MIN_TRANSACTION_ID是這個(gè)標(biāo)記可以用的最小值：1
    private static final int COMMAND_PLUS = IRemoteObject.MIN_TRANSACTION_ID;

    //IRemoteObject:此接口
    // 可用于查詢(xún)或獲取接口描述符、
    // 添加或刪除死亡通知、
    // 將對(duì)象狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)儲(chǔ)到特定文件以及發(fā)送消息。
    private final IRemoteObject remote;
    public MyRemoteProxy(IRemoteObject remote) {
        this.remote = remote;
    }

    @Override
    public IRemoteObject asObject() {//獲取遠(yuǎn)程代理對(duì)象的方法
        return remote;
    }

    public int plus(int a,int b) throws RemoteException {
        //MessageParcel:這個(gè)類(lèi)提供了讀寫(xiě)對(duì)象、接口標(biāo)記、文件描述符和大數(shù)據(jù)的方法。
        MessageParcel data = MessageParcel.obtain();
        //obtain()創(chuàng)建索引為0的空MessageParcel對(duì)象
        MessageParcel reply = MessageParcel.obtain();

        //MessageOption:定義與sendRequest一起發(fā)送消息的選項(xiàng)。
        // option不同的取值，決定采用同步或異步方式跨設(shè)備調(diào)用Service
        // 這個(gè)例子我們需要同步獲取對(duì)端Service執(zhí)行加法運(yùn)算后的結(jié)果，同步模式調(diào)用sendRequest接口，即MessageOption.TF_SYNC
        // 對(duì)應(yīng)的是異步：TF_ASYNC
        MessageOption option = new MessageOption(MessageOption.TF_SYNC);
        data.writeInt(a);
        data.writeInt(b);

        try {
            remote.sendRequest(COMMAND_PLUS, data, reply, option);
            //第1個(gè)參數(shù)：約定通信雙方確定的消息標(biāo)記。
            //第2個(gè)參數(shù)：發(fā)送到對(duì)等端側(cè)的數(shù)據(jù)包裹MessageParcel對(duì)象。
            //第3個(gè)參數(shù)：對(duì)等端側(cè)返回的數(shù)據(jù)包裹MessageParcel對(duì)象。
            //第4個(gè)參數(shù)：設(shè)置發(fā)送消息，用同步還是異步模式。
            int ec = reply.readInt(); //返回通信成不成功，約定的標(biāo)記ERR_OK
            if (ec != ERR_OK) {
                throw new RemoteException();
            }
            int result = reply.readInt();
            return result;
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw new RemoteException();
        } finally {
            data.reclaim(); //reclaim()清除不再使用的MessageParcel對(duì)象。
            reply.reclaim();
        }
    }
}

等待連接的遠(yuǎn)端側(cè)的代理示例如下：

public class MyRemote extends RemoteObject implements IRemoteBroker{
    private static final int ERR_OK = 0;
    private static final int ERROR = -1;
    private static final int COMMAND_PLUS = IRemoteObject.MIN_TRANSACTION_ID;
 
    public MyRemote() {
        super("MyService_Remote");
    }
 
    @Override
    public IRemoteObject asObject() {
        return this;
    }
 
    @Override
    public boolean onRemoteRequest(int code, MessageParcel data, MessageParcel reply, MessageOption option) {
        if (code != COMMAND_PLUS) {
            reply.writeInt(ERROR);
            return false;
        }
        int value1 = data.readInt();
        int value2 = data.readInt();
        int sum = value1 + value2;
        reply.writeInt(ERR_OK);
        reply.writeInt(sum);
        return true;
    }
}

等待連接側(cè)還需要作如下修改：

// 綁定前面定義的代理，實(shí)例化出發(fā)起鏈接側(cè)需要的代理
private MyRemote remote = new MyRemote();
@Override
public IRemoteObject onConnect(Intent intent) {
    //鏈接成功的時(shí)候，給發(fā)起鏈接側(cè)返回去
    return remote.asObject();
}

完成上述步驟后，可以通過(guò)點(diǎn)擊事件實(shí)現(xiàn)連接、利用連接關(guān)系控制PA以及斷開(kāi)連接等行為，代碼示例如下：

private MyRemoteProxy mProxy = null;
// 創(chuàng)建連接回調(diào)實(shí)例
private IAbilityConnection conn = new IAbilityConnection() {
    // 連接到Service的回調(diào)
    @Override
    public void onAbilityConnectDone(ElementName elementName, IRemoteObject iRemoteObject, int resultCode) {
        // 在這里開(kāi)發(fā)者可以拿到服務(wù)端傳過(guò)來(lái)IRemoteObject對(duì)象，從中解析出服務(wù)端傳過(guò)來(lái)的信息
        mProxy = new MyRemoteProxy(iRemoteObject);
        UIUtils.showTip(MainAbilitySlice.this,"拿到remoteObject：" + mProxy);
    }

    // 意外斷開(kāi)連接才會(huì)回調(diào)
    @Override
    public void onAbilityDisconnectDone(ElementName elementName, int resultCode) {
    }
};

// 連接遠(yuǎn)程
case ResourceTable.Id_main_connect_remoteService_btn:
    //1、實(shí)現(xiàn)連接的本地側(cè)的代理
    //2、實(shí)現(xiàn)等待連接的遠(yuǎn)端側(cè)的代理
    //3、修改等待連接側(cè)的Service
    //4、在本地(發(fā)起鏈接側(cè))獲取遠(yuǎn)端(被鏈接側(cè))返回過(guò)來(lái)的鏈接代理，創(chuàng)建鏈接后的回調(diào)函數(shù)
    //5、實(shí)現(xiàn)鏈接，通過(guò)代理對(duì)象使用Service的服務(wù)
    if (deviceId != null) {
        Intent connectServiceIntent = new Intent();
        connectServiceIntent.setElement(new ElementName(
                deviceId,
                "com.ybzy.demo",
                "com.ybzy.demo.RemoteServiceAbility"
        ));
        connectServiceIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);
        connectAbility(connectServiceIntent, iAbilityConnection);
    }
    break;
    
    
// 鏈接后使用
case ResourceTable.Id_main_use_remoteService_btn:
    if (mProxy != null) {
        int ret = -1;
        try {
            ret = mProxy.plus(10, 20);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Common.myShowTip(MainAbilitySlice.this, "獲取的結(jié)果：" + ret);
    }
    break;
    
// 用完斷開(kāi)
case ResourceTable.Id_main_disconnect_remoteService_btn:
    disconnectAbility(iAbilityConnection);
    break;

編輯：hfy